計(jì)算機(jī)系團(tuán)委例會(huì)會(huì)議記錄(陳俊杰)

計(jì)算機(jī)系團(tuán)委例會(huì)會(huì)議記錄

時(shí)間：201*年12月3日地點(diǎn)：B303

主持人：計(jì)算機(jī)系團(tuán)委秘書處副秘書長黃志強(qiáng)記錄人：計(jì)算機(jī)系團(tuán)委秘書處干事陳俊杰缺席人數(shù)：9

具體內(nèi)容：流程：一、團(tuán)委各部門作11月份工作總結(jié)和12月份工作計(jì)劃的匯報(bào)；二、團(tuán)委各部門干事代表上臺(tái)發(fā)言分享11月的工作心得；三、團(tuán)委副書記張文盈師姐發(fā)言；

四、團(tuán)委秘書長陳曉丹師姐對(duì)會(huì)議進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。一、團(tuán)委各部門11月份工作總結(jié)和12月份工作計(jì)劃匯報(bào)秘書處：

1.11月份工作總結(jié)：

1、做好我系團(tuán)委干部干事室內(nèi)室外培訓(xùn)的相關(guān)工作；

2、協(xié)助團(tuán)員系列教育活動(dòng)的團(tuán)課開展；3、協(xié)助校運(yùn)會(huì)的舉辦；4、協(xié)助組織部開展團(tuán)組織生活；

5、參與我系團(tuán)委學(xué)生會(huì)承辦的“舞動(dòng)增院”決賽的相關(guān)工作；

6、完成職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)大賽的擺攤工作7、協(xié)助創(chuàng)優(yōu)爭先活動(dòng)的開展；8、整理08～10級(jí)學(xué)生的資料。12月工作計(jì)劃1、完成日常工作；

2、協(xié)助職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)大賽的舉行；3、協(xié)助團(tuán)委其他部門的日常工作；4、全力落實(shí)新制度的實(shí)施。不足之處：①反饋不及時(shí)；

②部分干事不夠積極；

③干事的自主工作能力不足�？扇≈�處：①海報(bào)制作，網(wǎng)站更新有所進(jìn)步；②干事能保持高亢的工作熱情。

組織部：

1、11月工作總結(jié)：

1.完成團(tuán)組織生活的后期工作，包括通訊稿等資料的收�。�2.結(jié)束了新生團(tuán)員教育活動(dòng)；3.舉辦12月份團(tuán)員教育活動(dòng)成果展。

2、12月工作計(jì)劃：

1.繼續(xù)舉辦12月團(tuán)員教育活動(dòng)成果展；

2.團(tuán)組織生活的開展，主要針對(duì)08、09、10級(jí),主題是“倡導(dǎo)自主

學(xué)習(xí)，建設(shè)優(yōu)良學(xué)風(fēng)”；

3.協(xié)助職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)大賽的舉行。

實(shí)踐調(diào)研部：1、11月工作總結(jié)：

1.與經(jīng)濟(jì)系合辦的干部干事外出培訓(xùn)；

2.完成“益暖中華”谷歌杯中國大學(xué)生創(chuàng)意大賽的計(jì)劃書；3.協(xié)助組織部舉辦團(tuán)員教育活動(dòng)的各項(xiàng)工作；4.為共享編輯部制作系刊進(jìn)行拉贊；

5.配合校運(yùn)會(huì)的工作和舉辦三下鄉(xiāng)活動(dòng)的成果展；6.跟進(jìn)福彩公益活動(dòng)的相關(guān)工作。

2、12月工作計(jì)劃：

1.繼續(xù)跟進(jìn)福彩公益活動(dòng)的相關(guān)工作；

2.繼續(xù)完成三下鄉(xiāng)活動(dòng)的總結(jié)與及紀(jì)念冊的完成；

3.繼續(xù)收集“益暖中華”谷歌杯中國大學(xué)生創(chuàng)意大賽相關(guān)資料；4.完成我系見習(xí)基地的相關(guān)工作；5.配合其他部門的各項(xiàng)日常工作。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)部：

1、11月工作總結(jié)：

1.協(xié)助系團(tuán)組織生活等活動(dòng)的開展，包括團(tuán)課和新老生交流會(huì)等；2.維護(hù)、更新系網(wǎng)站與及博客；3.協(xié)助共享編輯部進(jìn)行系刊地制作；

4.進(jìn)行干事的培訓(xùn)工作，包括PPT的制作等方面；5.協(xié)助校運(yùn)會(huì)開展。

2、12月工作計(jì)劃：

1.繼續(xù)進(jìn)行維護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，更新系網(wǎng)站與及博客等的工作；2.繼續(xù)進(jìn)行干事的培訓(xùn)工作；

3.將工作重心放在與科技部共同舉行的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)大賽。

共享編輯部:1、11月工作總結(jié)：

1.拍攝工作，指出因?yàn)楦墒率侄丁⒔?jīng)驗(yàn)不足而導(dǎo)致照片質(zhì)量不佳的

不足之處；2.

者的公文培訓(xùn)；

3.完成系刊的制作，盡快解決經(jīng)費(fèi)問題的影響；4.招入一批小記者隊(duì)伍，為校運(yùn)會(huì)提供了優(yōu)秀的加油稿。

2、12月工作計(jì)劃：

1.完成日常工作；

2.出版一本計(jì)算機(jī)系與旅游管理系合作的三下鄉(xiāng)活動(dòng)紀(jì)念冊；3.進(jìn)行小記者禮儀和通訊稿寫作等方面的培訓(xùn)；4.協(xié)助職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)大賽的相關(guān)工作；5.協(xié)助其他部門的日常工作。

科技部：1、11月工作總結(jié)：

1.完成挑戰(zhàn)杯的相關(guān)工作，包括通知各入圍選手與及評(píng)審老師；2.完成經(jīng)濟(jì)系“點(diǎn)石成金”計(jì)劃大賽的宣傳工作；3.進(jìn)行干事的相關(guān)培訓(xùn)；

4.配合學(xué)院科技部的戶外培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)，積極與其他系進(jìn)行交流；5.協(xié)助組織部開展團(tuán)組織生活；

通訊稿撰寫質(zhì)量有待提高和小記6.協(xié)助校運(yùn)會(huì)的舉辦；7.與經(jīng)濟(jì)系商討聯(lián)誼活動(dòng)；

8.跟進(jìn)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)部共同舉辦的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)大賽。

2、12月工作計(jì)劃：

1.協(xié)助“舞動(dòng)增院”決賽的相關(guān)工作；2.繼續(xù)跟進(jìn)職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)大賽；3.進(jìn)行干事的培訓(xùn)工作；4.完成本部門的日常工作；5.協(xié)助其他部門的日常工作。

宣傳部：

1、11月工作總結(jié)：

1.月板報(bào)的更新；

2.完成團(tuán)課、校運(yùn)會(huì)、舞動(dòng)增院、新老生交流會(huì)等場地的布置工作。

2、12月工作計(jì)劃：

1.積極配合學(xué)院宣傳部的相關(guān)安排；

2.努力完成團(tuán)員教育活動(dòng)的宣傳工作與及場地布置工作；3.認(rèn)真配合職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)大賽的宣傳工作與及后勤工作；4.協(xié)助“舞動(dòng)增院”決賽的舉行；5.認(rèn)真完成本部門的日常工作；6.協(xié)助其他部門的日常工作；

二、團(tuán)委各部門干事代表上臺(tái)發(fā)言分享11月工作心得三、團(tuán)委副書記張文盈師姐發(fā)言

1.內(nèi)容：1．每一次活動(dòng)之后都有一個(gè)很大跨度的飛躍；

2．與外語系合作的團(tuán)組織生活舉辦得很成功，大家都很用心，同時(shí)

佩服大家高亢的工作熱情；

3．祝賀大家成為正式的團(tuán)委干事；

4.工作效率有待提高，例如在派邀請(qǐng)函方面，派發(fā)的時(shí)間可以選取在

飯后時(shí)間，這樣既可以完成工作，又可以走走消化一下食物，一舉兩得的方式我們在以后的工作中要靈活采用；5．光陰似箭，一個(gè)月又過去了，提醒大家要注意學(xué)習(xí)成績，落下的

科目要盡快補(bǔ)起來，要求全體團(tuán)委干事不能掛科，績點(diǎn)要在1.8以上，更不能出現(xiàn)學(xué)籍預(yù)警的情況；

6.合理分配學(xué)習(xí)和工作的時(shí)間，多去圖書館；7.為福彩公益的評(píng)選活動(dòng)積極投票；

8.共同協(xié)助網(wǎng)絡(luò)部和科技部舉辦職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)大賽；

9.指出擺攤的幕布懸掛的時(shí)間段，以及不要亂掛橫幅，有需要時(shí)要寫

申請(qǐng)；

10.干事要如實(shí)、及時(shí)向部長反映新的工作安排；11.即將進(jìn)行干部干事的專題培訓(xùn)。四、團(tuán)委秘書長陳曉丹師姐對(duì)會(huì)議做總結(jié)

內(nèi)容：1、要節(jié)省經(jīng)費(fèi)的耗用，尤其是打印的費(fèi)用，要打印在30份以下時(shí)可以去

辦公室打印，打印的張數(shù)較多時(shí)可以去“貓頭鷹“打印，各部門舉辦活動(dòng)時(shí)購買所需道具前先詢問宣傳部是否以前有剩余，能省則省；

2、強(qiáng)調(diào)超過10元的消費(fèi)要先寫書面申請(qǐng)，經(jīng)老師批準(zhǔn)后才能購買，否則事后不予報(bào)銷；

3、強(qiáng)調(diào)各部長每個(gè)星期四都要向書記處匯報(bào)工作情況；

4、完成月工作總結(jié)、月工作計(jì)劃、月工作心得以及出勤情況的登記，有特殊情況要向?qū)��?yīng)秘書處的小秘進(jìn)行說明；5、公布本月的優(yōu)秀干事、干部以及優(yōu)秀部門。五、會(huì)議結(jié)束

擴(kuò)展閱讀：陳俊杰畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)

武夷山職業(yè)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)

談詞匯空缺的原因及翻譯對(duì)策

系別：應(yīng)用外語系專業(yè)（班級(jí)）：旅游英語姓名：陳俊杰學(xué)號(hào)：201*14024114指導(dǎo)教師：丁素珍完成時(shí)間：201*年6月3日

武夷山職業(yè)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制

談詞匯空缺的成因及翻譯對(duì)策

【摘要】詞匯空缺的是一種文字或文字未能找到另一種語言的對(duì)應(yīng)概念，由于倫理之間的文化差異。在跨文化的溝通過程中，詞匯的差距解釋了各種語言的鮮明民族特色，但也形成了對(duì)翻譯的障礙。為正確和有效的新詞匯翻譯的差距將在政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)，文化和對(duì)外交流方面發(fā)揮重要作用，這邊主要試圖介紹詞匯差距一般原因，并進(jìn)一步分析了新的詞匯空缺現(xiàn)象的成因---改革開放。

【關(guān)鍵詞】詞匯空缺；翻譯策略；改革開放

I

OnCausesOfLexicalGapsAndTranslationTrategies

【Abstract】Lexicalgapisaconceptofsemanticsorwordsfailingtofindtheircounterpartsinanotherlanguage,duetotheculturaldifferencesbetweenethnics.Ascorrectandeffectivetranslationofthenewlexicalgapswillplayanimportantroleinthecommunicationofpolitics,economy,andculturewithforeigncountries,thispapertriestointroducegeneralcausesoflexicalgaps,andfurtheranalyzesthecausesofnewlexicalgapsanditsdistributionsincereformandopening-up.

【Keywords】

Lexicalgaps;Translationtrategies;China’sreformandopening-up

II

Contents目錄

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………….....……..….IAbstract………………………………………………………………………………………………………....III.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………..11.Definitionoflexicalgaps……………………………………………………………………………..…..12.Languageisamirrorofculture................................................................................................................1II.Generalcausesoflexicalgaps………………………………………………………………………….......11.Differencesingeography………………………………………………………...……………………….12.Differencesinhistory…………………………………………….......................………………………...22.1Customs……………………………………………………………………………………………..….22.2Religion……………………………………………………………….……………………….………..22.3Socialvalues………………………………………………………………............................................2III.Newcausesoflexicalgapsandtheircharacteristics……........................................................................31.Newcausesoflexicalgaps…………………………………………………………….............................31.1Politicalfactors………………………………………..........................................................................31.2Economicfactors………………………………………………………………………………………42.Characteristicsofthenewlexicalgaps…………………………………………………………………42.1Conciseness………………………………………………………………………………….…………42.2Contemporaryfeature…………………………….................................................................…….....5IV.Translationstrategies………………………………………………………………………….….……....51.Generalstrategies…………………………………………………………………………………….…52.Strategyshifting…………………………………………………………………………………………52.1Transliteration………………………………………………………………………………………..6V.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………...……..6VI.Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………………….......6VII.References…………………………………………………………………………………………..……7

III

I.Introductions

1.Definitionoflexicalgaps

Lexicalgapsinthedefinitionofthephenomenon,scholarsfromdifferentanglestodefine.AccordingtoGuoAixian[10](1998:42-44),lexicalgapsareoriginatedfromtheculturaldifferencesbetweenethnicandlanguage-specificthings,ortheconceptofsemanticsorwordsinanotherlanguagefailingtofindtheircounterparts,soastoformthevacanciesinthemixedculture.QinJiandong[12](1999:77-79)pointsoutthatculturesoriginatingfromdifferentgeographicalenvironmentshavebothsimilaritiesanddifferencesTakingthisintoconsideration.

2.Languageisamirrorofculture

Languageisanimportantpartofcultureisthecarrierofculture,amirrorofculture.Therefore,thevarietyofculturalfactorsiscertainlyinlinewiththelanguageandcultureinChina.Newmark(SeeZhangZhiying[6]etal,201*:2)said:“Idefinecultureasthewayoflifeandhismanifestationthatispeculiartoacommunitythatusesapeculiarlanguageasitsmeansofexpression.”[1]SusanBassnett(1991:22)alsomadeasimilarargument:“Languageistheheartwithinthebodyofculture,anditistheinteractionbetweenthetwothatresultsinthecontinuationoflife-energyinthesamewaythatthesurgeon,operatingintheheart,can’tneglectthebodythatsurroundsit,sothetranslatortreatsthetextinisolationfromthecultureathispencil.”Therefore,languageandculturearecloselyrelated.

II.Generalcausesoflexicalgaps1Differencesingeography

Aspecificnaturalenvironmentcreatesaspecificculture,andaparticularculturehasaspecificlanguageexpressioninturn([9]DaiWeipingetal,201*:15).Languageisareflectionoftheobjectiveworld.Duetogeographicaldifferences,thetwolanguagesofEnglishandChinesehaveahugedifferenceinperformance,resultinginlexicalgaps.

AsmostpartsofChinalocateintheland,people’sdailylife,includingproductionandconsumption,isinseparablefromtheland,whichgeneratesmanyland-relatedChineseexpressions.Forexample,todescribeapersonspendingalotofmoney,Chineseuse“揮金如土”toexpressthisconcept,whileEnglish-speakingpeopleusetheexpressionof“spendmoneylikewater”toindicatetheconcept.Asforthelocation,Britainisacountrysurroundedbytheseawhosenavigation,fisheriesusedtobeworldleading.Somanyidiomsarenavigationandfisheries-related.Forexample,“allatsea”meansataloss,“togobytheboard”meansplans

cometonothing,“tohanginthewind”indicateswavering,“toraisethewind”meanstoraisethemoney,“bigfish”referstosomebody,“anotherkettleoffish”referstoanothermatter.

2Differencesinhistory

2.1Customs

Inaccordancewiththetraditionalcustoms,wheneverChinesepeoplebuildahouse,theymustchooseapoisedandauspiciousday.風(fēng)水(Fengshui),thelocationofaperson’shouseandancestralgrave,issupposedtohaveaninfluenceonthefortuneofafamilyandhisoffspring.(YuanLiangping[15],201*:66-70)TheconceptoffengshuiintheWesternculturedoesnotexist.Nevertheless,astheChineseandWesternculturalexchangesstrengthen,Westernershaveunderstooditgradually.Similartermssuchas姻緣(yinyuan)，陰(yin)，陽(yang)，etc..Totakeanotherexample,inChina,peopleregardweddingsandfuneralsas紅白喜事(redhappinessorwhitehappiness).Gettingmarried,givingbirthtoachildandcelebratingabirthdayareallcalledredhappiness,andthefuneralisreferredtowhitehappiness.InBritishandAmericanpeople’seyes,tomarryandhavechildrenasahappyeventisunderstandable,becauseinEnglishthedayofthecelebrationisknownas“redletterday”.Whileatthesametime,thedeathisalsosaidtobejoyousandwillbeabitbaffled.

2.2Religion

Religionisthemostprofoundformthataffectshumansociety.Itnotonlyinfluencestheeconomy,politics,science,philosophy,literatureandart,butalsobecomesanindispensablepartofpeople’sculturalpsychologicalstructure,andhaspotentialandlong-termimpactonpeople’sthinkingandbehavior(DaiWeipingetal,201*:1).ReligiousbeliefinWesterncountriesisindeedverycommon,andmostofpeopleinthesecountriesareChristians.TheybelievethatGodcreatestheworld.Althoughpeoplehaveinfinitewisdom,theycannotescapefromGod.WhileinChina,peoplebelievinginBuddhism,Taoism,thinkthat“老天爺”superviseseverythingintheworld.Duetothedifferentbeliefsoftheirreligions,peoplecannotunderstandclassiccharacterandthingsineachother’sreligion.Manycharactersin“Bible”havetheirownpersonalityandimage,whohavebecometypicalrepresentativesbythelong-termciting.Solomon,Moses,AdamandEvesymbolizewisdom,leaders,ancestorofhumanbeingsandthemotherofalllivingcreaturesrespectively.However,theseimagesarevacantinChina.Similarly,thecharactersof觀世音菩薩，如來佛，閻王inBuddhistand玉帝inTaoist,donotexistinthewesternculture.

2.3Socialvalues

Valuescannotbeseenortouched,butitisubiquitous.Everyculturehasitsownuniquesetofsystems.Ittellspeoplewhatkindofbehaviorthesocietyexpectandwhatkindofbehaviorthecommunitydiscard,whatweshouldloveandwhatweshouldhate,whatisbeautifulandwhatisgood,whatisuglyandwhatisbad,whatisnormalandwhatisridiculous,etc.(JiaYuxin[11],1997:58).Theobviousdifferencesofthevalues

betweentheWestandChinaaregrouporientationandindividualorientation.Westerners,especiallyAmericans,treasureindependenceandfreedomandrespectforpersonalprivacyverymuchaswell.Thecompoundwords,withthe“self”astheprefixinLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(201*),presentsmorethaneightywords,suchasself-control,self-confidence,self-dependence,self-employed,self-motivated,self-awareness,self-contemptuous,self-defeatingetc..WhileChina,thecollectivism-orientedcountry,abhorsputtingpersonalinterestsabovethecollectiveinterests.ManifestooftheCommunistPartyofChinaclearlydefinesthatindividualismisnotallowedintheCommunistparty.Inviewofthegrouporientation,theChinesepeopletreasure關(guān)系andemphasize客氣.Thewordslike客氣and關(guān)系cannotfindcounterpartsinEnglish.

III.Newcausesoflexicalgapsandtheircharacteristics

Theaboveanalysisisgenerallyacceptedvocabularyofthereasonsforthegap.However,theneweraoftheemergenceofnewtrendsinthegrowinggapbetweenthevocabularyofpoliticalandeconomicfactors,butmainlybecausethereformandopeningup.

1.Newcausesoflexicalgaps

1.1Politicalfactors

Whatkindofpoliticalsystemdoesacountryhave,itsculturewillcertainlyshowitstypicalpoliticscharacteristics,andthenreflectintheirlanguage,especiallyinthevocabulary.TakeAmericanpoliticsasanexample,whenBillClintonbecameAmericanpresidentin1993,Clintonturnintoahouseholdname.Asaresult,manywordswiththeprefixof“Clinton”appeared,suchasClintonian,Clinton-Lingo,Clintonite,Clintonoid,Clintonomics,Clintonizeetc.(ZhaoHongchun[17],201*:71).ThesewordswillmakeChineseabitpuzzledtowholacktheknowledgeofAmericanpoliticalculture.AsforChina,therepresentativeoftheworld’ssocialistcountries,implementingthesystemofPeople’sCongressregime,thepeople’sdemocraticdictatorship,itsgoverningphilosophy,principlesandpoliciesallhavespecialcharacteristics,whichleadtoalotoflexicalgaps.“Duetothediversesocialsystems,thedifferencesintheunderstandingofobjectivethingsandsubjectiveconceptofvalueexistbetweenpeoplewhoarefromtwocompletelydistinctcultures”(DaiWeipingetal201*:31).Sinceitsreformandopeningup,Chinahasbecomeincreasinglyprominentintheworld,andmanynewculturallyloadedwordsareuniquetoChina.Suchas,一國兩制(onecountry,twosystems)，四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化(fourmodernizations)，三個(gè)代表(threerepresents)，八榮八恥(theeighthonorandeightshameoutlooks),社會(huì)主義榮辱觀(socialistconceptofhonoranddisgrace)，etc..Ifwesternersdonotunderstandbasicnationalpolicyandcivilizationconstruction,theycannotunderstandtheconnotationof“threerepresents”,whichrepresentthedevelopmenttrendofChina’smostadvancedproductiveforces,theorientationofChina’smostadvancedculture,andthefundamentalinterestsoftheoverwhelmingmajorityof

theChinesepeople.

1.2Economicfactors

Economicactivityisthebasisoflanguageformation.Asacommunicationtool,theintrinsicvalueoflanguageisthatpeopleusealanguagetoexpresssubjectiveideasandobjectivereality.Therefore,justasWangJiakun[13]oncepointedout“thelanguagemustadapttotheeconomicdevelopmenttrends,respondaccordinglytochangesofeconomicactivity.Atthesametime,changesineconomicactivitywillinevitablyleadtochangesinlanguage(201*:37-39).”

Asidefromthat,China’seconomicreformsstartedfromtheruralareasandthenextendedtocities,withtheresultsofreformsgrowingsignificantlyandgraduallyimprovingthelivesoffarmers.Variousclothesindifferentstyleshavebecomeanewscene,alongwiththelargerlivingspacealongwiththeprettyinteriordecoration.Inthisrespect,alotofnewwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristicsemerge.Forinstance,農(nóng)村土地承包制(rurallandcontractsystem)，小康社會(huì)(amoderatelyprosperoussociety),農(nóng)民工(migrantworker),萬元戶(ten-thousand-yuanhousehold),三資企業(yè)(foreign-fundedenterprises),三來一補(bǔ)企業(yè)(enterprisesofthreeimportandcompensationtrade),新型工業(yè)化道路(newpathofindustrialization),拳頭產(chǎn)品(coreproduct),廉租房(low-renthousing),假日經(jīng)濟(jì)(holidayeconomy),三沿地區(qū)開放(opening-upofseashore,rivershoreandborderareas),etc..Withthetransformationofstate-ownedenterprisescarryingondeeply,thesocalled“ironricebowl”dosenot“iron”anymore,thenlaid-off,re-employmentarefollowing..Thisphenomenonandnewformofcapitalistcountriesdoesnotexist,sothepublicnooneonthebackgroundofChina"seconomywillfeelstrangetothem.

2.Characteristicsofthenewlexicalgaps

Withthedeepeningofreformandopeningup,manynewvacanciesappearinpolitical,economicandsociallife.AccordingtoProfessorWangRongpei[14](1991:1-8),ChinaEnglish,atermfirstproposedbyGeChuanguiin1980,hasthreetypicalcharacteristics:first,usingathomebytheChinesepeople;second,withstandardEnglishasthecore;third,withChinesecharacteristics.ThisperspectiveoutlinesthecharacteristicsofChinaEnglish,anddescribesthecharacteristicsofthenewvacanciessincereformandopeningup.

2.1Conciseness

Concisenesscanbethemainfeatureofthesenumerousandkeywords.Take一國兩制(onecountry,twosystems)forexample.ThistermsuccinctlysumsuptheprincipleofunificationofChina,whichwasproposedbyDengXiaopingin1980.Thecontentisthatunderthepremiseofadheringtothesocialistcountries,themainsystem,Taiwan,HongKongandMacaomaintainthepreviouscapitalistsystemandwayoflifeunchangedforalongtime.Thisfeaturecanalsobefoundinthefollowingexpressions:三來一補(bǔ)企業(yè)(enterprisesofthreeimportandcompensationtrade),三步走戰(zhàn)略(three-stepdevelopmentstrategy)，三農(nóng)問題(issuesofagriculture,farmerandruralarea),四項(xiàng)基本原則(thefourcardinalprinciples),八榮八恥(theeighthonorandeightshameoutlooks),五個(gè)統(tǒng)籌要求(fivebalancerequirement),四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化(four

modernizations)，三講教育(threeemphasiseducation),etc..

2.2Contemporaryfeature

Somewordsmentionedabovehaveadistinctfeatureoftimes,whichreflectvariousstagesofChina’seconomicdevelopmentpoliciesandtheever-changingeconomicenvironment.Forinstance,農(nóng)村土地承包制(rurallandcontractsystem),農(nóng)轉(zhuǎn)非(changefromruralresidentstourbanresidents),社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村(socialistnewcountryside).Thesetermshighlyexpressthedevelopmentalguidelinesandpoliciesofruralreformsfromtheearlytothelate.Thisfeaturecanalsobefoundinthefollowingexpressions:三資企業(yè)(foreign-fundedenterprises),西部大開發(fā)(westerndevelopment),經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)(specialeconomiczones),etc..

IV.Translationstrategies

1.Generalstrategies

Exchangesbetweendifferentculturesandpenetrationisadynamicprocess.Indifferenthistoricalperiods,understandingandacceptanceofforeignlanguagesandculturesaredifferentlevels,thenitisthetranslationmethod.Whentheculturalneedsatanearlystage,fromothercountriesandpeopleswhodonotknowtheircultureandlanguagecounterparts,becauseofthelargenumberofconceptsandterminologyisverystrange.Atthispointoftime,theapplicationofdomesticationmethodcouldtraceitsrootstoSchleiermacher’s(SeeXuPing[5],201*:32)famousnotionofthe“translationleavesthereaderinpeace,asmuchaspossible,andmovestheauthortowardshimwillreducethestrangenesstotargetreadersandmakesourcetextsmoreacceptable”.AccordingtoLawrenceVanuti(ChenDezhang[2],201*:10),thedomesticationis“atranslationstrategyforatransparent,fluentstyleinordertominimizethestrangenessoftheforeigntextforthereadersofthetranslation.”Forexample,豆腐wasinitiallytranslatedintobeancurd,becausetheyonlyknewthatdoufuwasmadefromsoybeansandsomethinglikecheese.Therearesimilarexamples，功夫wastranslatedasmartialarts,餃子asdumpling.

2.Strategyshifting

Touryoncepointedoutthat“Translationisakindofactivitywhichinevitablyinvolvesatleasttwolanguagesandtwoculturaltraditions”(SeeXuPing,201*:13).Inthisstatement,itindicatesthattranslatorswillfacetheproblemofhowtofindtheequivalentinthetargetlanguageandexpresstheculturalconceptsinasourcetext.Thereforetranslationisthelanguageconversionaswellasculturalexchanges.Culturaldifferencesexistinnature,makingequivalenttranslationbetweendifferentculturesvirtuallyimpossible.Thisalsoprovidesthebasisforforeignizationtranslation.Infact,suchperspectiveisthesameasYangShizhang’sculturaltranslationconcept,anditscontents:“Translationisnotonlyabilingualexchange,itisacross-culturalcommunication,whoseaimistobreakthroughlanguagebarriers,toachieveandpromoteculturalexchanges;theessenceoftranslationistotransmitcross-culturalinformation,istoreproduceoriginal

culturalactivitiesbyusingthetargetlanguage;thethrustoftranslationisculturaltransplantation;otherthantheoperationoftheformoftranslation,theculturalinformationistheobjectofthetranslation”(See[16]YanXiaohuaetal,201*:8-10).Undertheguidanceoftheabovetranslationstrategy,theacceptablestrategytomakeupvacanciesistranslatingChineseintoChinaEnglishinChinese-Englishtranslation.Thisnotonlyretainstheexoticismoforiginallanguage,butalsoenrichesandpromotesthetargetlanguageandculture,eitherthroughtransliterationorthroughcalque.

2.1Transliteration

Transliterationmeansthatwordstranslatedaccordingtotheirpronunciationrepresentoneextremeofforeignizingtranslation(ChenXiaofang[3],201*:43).Ideally,thisisaletterforletterreplacementssothatreversetransliterationintotheoriginalscriptispossible.However,Chineseasnon-alphabeticlanguage,couldonlyretainthesoundofit,inordertokeepaforeignelementofEnglish-likelanguage.Normally,therearenocounterpartsinEnglishtorefertoorexpresssomecultureloadedwords.Newwordscanbecoinedbywayoftransliterationtobridgethegaps.ThenthesenewcoinedwordshavegraduallybeenincorporatedintotheEnglishvocabulary.Forexample,普通話，炕，風(fēng)水，太極，狗不理包子，叩頭，and福娃havebeendirectlyrenderedintoPutonghua,kang,fengshui,taichi,goubulibaozi,koutou,andfuwarespectively.

V.Conclusion

Inshort,thisthesis,suchasgeography,religion,socialvalues,vocabularygapbetweenthegenerallyacceptedreason,anddescribesthepoliticalandeconomicpointofviewofatwordnewtrend.AsChina"sreformandopeningup,politicalandeconomicfactorshavebecomethedominantfactorintheformationofvocabularygap.

Inthisstudyprovidesatranslationofvocabularygapbetweenthefirststepinthenewsituation.Inaddition,furtherresearchshouldconcentrateitseffortsonbuildingacorpusofwordsVacancytoensurethatlarge-scaledetailandquantitativeresearch.

VI.Acknowledgement

Inthisstudy,IWouldliketothankmyinstructorTeacherDing,underherguidanceandcarehavebeencompleted.Fromthepaper"stopic,thesystemdesignprocess,paperstructurestothefinaltext,havebeengotinstructor’scarefulguidanceandhelp.Teacher’sseriousandresponsibleworkattitude,thespiritofrigorousscholarshipanddeeptheoreticallevelmakemegaingreatdeal.Hehasgivenmealotofhelpbothintheoryandinpractice,soIgotalotofimprovement,whichformyfuturestudyandworkisagreathelp.Whatismore,Duringthisstudy,otherstudentsgavemealotofhelpandsupport,weworktogetheronthis.Thankyouverymuch!

VII.References

[1]Bassnett,Susan.1991.TranslationStudies.LondonandNewYork:RoutledgePress.

[2]ChenDezhang.201*.ApproachtoTranslationbetweenEnglishandChinese.Beijing:BeijingForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.

[3]ChenXiaofang.201*.AProbeintoEnglishandChineseLexicalGapsandForeignLanguageTeaching,Master"sthesis,FujianNormalUniversity.

[4]PearsonEducationLimited.201*.LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(4thedition).Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.

[5]XuPing.201*LexicalGapsinTranslation,Master’sthesis,ShandongUniversity.

[6]ZhangZhiying&ZhuQinqin.201*.InterculturalCommunicationandTranslationTechniques.Chengdu:SouthwestJiaotongUniversityPress.

[7]Anonymity.201*,October22Chinadaily.RetrievedDecember19,201*,from-10/22/content_7130933.htm

[8]程同春[ChengTongchung],201*，《中國英語中的經(jīng)濟(jì)詞匯》，《中國科技翻譯》,5-8。[9]戴衛(wèi)平[DaiWeiping],《英漢文化詞語研究》。北京：科學(xué)出版社。

[10]郭愛先[GuoAixian],1998，《詞匯空缺及其可譯性》，《解放軍外語學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》,42-44。[11]賈玉新[JiaYuxin],1997,《跨文化交際學(xué)》。上海：上海外語教學(xué)出版社。[12]秦建棟[QinJiandong],1999,《試論詞匯空缺的可譯性》，《鐵道師范學(xué)報(bào)》,77-79。

[13]王家鯤[WangJiakun],201*,《經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與社會(huì)主導(dǎo)語言的形成》，《開封教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》,37-39。[14]汪榕培[WangRongpei],1991,《中國英語是客觀存在的》，《解放軍外國語學(xué)報(bào)》,1-8。[15]袁良平[YuanLiangping],201*,《跨文化交際與中國特色英語》，《浙江樹人大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》,66-70。[16]宴小花[YanXiaohua],201*,《漢英翻譯的文化空缺及翻譯對(duì)策》，《中國譯》,8-10。[17]趙紅春[ZhaoHongchun],201*,《政治氣候?qū)τ⒄Z詞匯的影響》，《赤峰學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》,71-72。

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