大力發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì) 夯實農(nóng)民增收基礎(chǔ)
大力發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)夯實農(nóng)民增收基礎(chǔ)
寧陜縣地處秦嶺南麓,國土面積3678平方公里,全縣轄12個鎮(zhèn)98各村,總?cè)丝?.4萬人,其中農(nóng)工業(yè)人口6.1萬人,地貌特征是"九山半水半分田"。寧陜縣是全國林業(yè)重點縣,寧陜有林地480萬畝,森林覆蓋率達(dá)90.2%。其中集體林地306萬畝。集體林權(quán)制度改革結(jié)束后,全縣農(nóng)民人均擁有林地超過50畝,個別農(nóng)戶有林地近千畝,從人均占有資源方面,寧陜農(nóng)民是非常"富有的"。但從收入來看,寧陜農(nóng)民還很"貧窮"。201*年全縣農(nóng)民人均純收入3812元,比全省的4105平均低293元,僅為全國農(nóng)民人均純收入5919元的64%。
怎樣把資源優(yōu)勢轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻?jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢,讓農(nóng)民"不砍樹能致富"?始終是擺在寧陜各級干部和群眾面前的一大課題。國家林業(yè)局長賈治邦認(rèn)為,林下經(jīng)濟(jì)主要是指以林地資源和森林生態(tài)環(huán)境為依托,發(fā)展起來的林下種植業(yè)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)、采集業(yè)和森林旅游業(yè),既包括林下產(chǎn)業(yè),也包括林中產(chǎn)業(yè),還包括林上產(chǎn)業(yè)。一、寧陜縣林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
(一)干果產(chǎn)業(yè)。全縣板栗園有21萬畝,核桃園有10.7萬畝。全縣農(nóng)民人均占有干果經(jīng)濟(jì)林達(dá)5畝多,覆蓋了90%的村組和70%以上農(nóng)戶。201*年全縣干果產(chǎn)量達(dá)4416噸,其中板栗3311噸、核桃1105噸,綜合收入4500多萬元。
(二)藥菌產(chǎn)業(yè)。全縣豬苓、天麻地存總量分別達(dá)到90萬窩和60萬窩,預(yù)期產(chǎn)值超過3億元。食用菌產(chǎn)業(yè)覆蓋全縣12個鎮(zhèn)70%的行政村,共有4560余農(nóng)戶、12500余人從事食用菌產(chǎn)業(yè),201*年發(fā)展食用菌1680萬袋,產(chǎn)量達(dá)到3355噸,其中黑木耳、白靈菇、杏鮑菇等珍稀食用菌類約200萬袋。食用菌綜合產(chǎn)值達(dá)到1.2個億,僅此一項為全縣農(nóng)民人均提供純收入1200元以上。
(三)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)。全縣林下養(yǎng)羊4.3萬只,林下養(yǎng)禽48萬羽。大鯢養(yǎng)殖存量達(dá)到6.3萬尾,具有繁育能力的養(yǎng)殖場30家,冷水魚養(yǎng)殖水面達(dá)1.46萬平方米,漁業(yè)產(chǎn)值達(dá)9500萬元。年產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)蜂蜜22.3噸。(四)生態(tài)旅游。依托良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)勢,十一五期間,寧陜成功引進(jìn)西安海榮集團(tuán)、陜西華鑫公司等21家旅游投資企業(yè),建成了上壩河國家森林公園、上壩河國際狩獵場、秦嶺峽谷漂流、汶水河漂流、蒼灣溯溪探險和海榮皇冠大酒店等一批景區(qū)景點和星級酒店,初步形成了"兩線六區(qū)二十點"的旅游格局。發(fā)展農(nóng)家樂120多戶,打造了一批旅游特色村鎮(zhèn)。201*年全縣接待游客超過200萬人次,實現(xiàn)旅游收入8億元。
二、發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)是寧陜實現(xiàn)農(nóng)民增收的必然選擇
縱向比較,林下經(jīng)濟(jì)已成為寧陜農(nóng)民增收的主要渠道,基本實現(xiàn)了資源開發(fā)與保護(hù)并重,林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展形勢喜人。橫向比較,寧陜的林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展存在質(zhì)量不高、規(guī)模不大、經(jīng)營粗放、效益偏低等問題。福建永安市(縣級市)與寧陜地貌特征相似,總面積2941平方公里,全市人口36.5萬人,森林面積382.5萬畝,森林覆蓋率86.2%,農(nóng)民人均擁有林地15.5畝。201*年該市林業(yè)總產(chǎn)值達(dá)75.7億元,是寧陜縣的31倍,人均林業(yè)收入達(dá)3842元,比寧陜縣農(nóng)民人均純收入還多。
林下經(jīng)濟(jì)作為一種嶄新的林業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式和經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象,具有發(fā)展模式多、就業(yè)容量大、從業(yè)門檻低的優(yōu)勢,是林地承包到戶后農(nóng)民發(fā)展林業(yè)的首要選擇和重要內(nèi)容。寧陜的優(yōu)勢在林、潛力在林,如果能提高林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量,使每畝林子為農(nóng)民增收貢獻(xiàn)100元,就可使農(nóng)民人均增收5000元。此外,林改結(jié)束后,如果不能通過利益導(dǎo)向,讓農(nóng)民既有發(fā)展林業(yè)的積極性,又有保護(hù)森林的主動性,林改就會功虧一簣。林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展了,群眾收入增加了,就會主動去保護(hù)森林,實現(xiàn)資源可持續(xù)利用。大力發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì),是寧陜實現(xiàn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)加快發(fā)展、農(nóng)民持續(xù)增收的必然選擇。二、加強(qiáng)服務(wù)引導(dǎo),全面推進(jìn)全縣林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展
(一)深化改革,強(qiáng)化服務(wù)。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)林權(quán)制度改革,認(rèn)真貫徹落實已經(jīng)出臺的林業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、林權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)管理、資產(chǎn)評估、抵押貸款、森林火災(zāi)保險、服務(wù)體系建設(shè)等一系列配套改革辦法,進(jìn)一步激活林業(yè)經(jīng)營機(jī)制。對現(xiàn)有的11個林業(yè)專業(yè)協(xié)會、16個專業(yè)合作社要加強(qiáng)扶持和指導(dǎo),使協(xié)會在技術(shù)指導(dǎo)、對接市場方面發(fā)揮更有效的組織作用?h林業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、科技等部門應(yīng)認(rèn)真做好調(diào)查研究,全面掌握農(nóng)民對適用技術(shù)的需求情況,有針對性地組織開展技術(shù)培訓(xùn),破解林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的技術(shù)難題,為農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供有力的科技支撐。
(二)加大招商,培育龍頭。寧陜縣經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)差、財政底子薄,無論從現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的角度,還是從寧陜產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的實踐來看,招商引資都將是推動林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要力量。在林下種植、林下養(yǎng)殖方面,應(yīng)努力引進(jìn)市場型、資本型企業(yè)進(jìn)入,借助外來資金和先進(jìn)管理經(jīng)驗推動林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展要嚴(yán)格按照市場化模式運作,走產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營的路子,不搞一刀切和行政強(qiáng)迫。要堅持"因地制宜、政府引導(dǎo)、群眾自愿、項目支撐"的原則,以示范基地建設(shè)為抓手,逐步擴(kuò)大豬苓、天麻標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化種植規(guī)模,努力建成陜西豬苓種源繁育基地和商品天麻供應(yīng)地。
(三)推進(jìn)升級,提高效益。寧陜食用菌產(chǎn)業(yè)已基本具備產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),當(dāng)前關(guān)鍵是要推進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)的全面升級。一是堅持"木腐菌為主,草腐菌為輔,多菌并舉,園區(qū)推進(jìn)"的方針,大力推廣草腐菌類,加強(qiáng)食用菌用材監(jiān)管力度,嚴(yán)厲懲處超限采伐等毀林案件發(fā)生,保護(hù)資源永續(xù)利用;二是鼓勵食用菌企業(yè)不斷優(yōu)化品種結(jié)構(gòu),積極開展實驗、示范,引導(dǎo)群眾發(fā)展珍稀菌類;投資建設(shè)食用菌冷藏保鮮、綜合開發(fā)等項目,延伸產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條。三是依托龍頭企,大力推行設(shè)施化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化種植,積極申報綠色食品和有機(jī)食品認(rèn)證,打造特色品牌,增加產(chǎn)品市場競爭力,提高食用菌產(chǎn)業(yè)綜合效益。
(四)加強(qiáng)管理,增加收入。搶抓植樹造林大好時機(jī),繼續(xù)鼓勵農(nóng)戶因地制宜栽植核桃、板栗、花椒,擴(kuò)大干果園的種植規(guī)模;積極調(diào)運優(yōu)良接穗和苗木,嫁接改造現(xiàn)有核桃、板栗園,并組織農(nóng)民開展整形、修剪、病蟲害防治等管護(hù)活動,努力提高現(xiàn)有干果園的單位產(chǎn)量。
(五)因勢利導(dǎo),加強(qiáng)管理。按照"旅游富民、文化興縣"發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略,一是加快景區(qū)景點建設(shè)。吸引招徠更多游客來寧陜旅游,為鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展提供充足客源,帶動景區(qū)景點周邊農(nóng)家樂發(fā)展。二是完善配套優(yōu)惠政策,加大政策扶持力度,推動全縣農(nóng)家樂升級改造;加強(qiáng)對農(nóng)家樂業(yè)主的培訓(xùn),更新農(nóng)家樂經(jīng)營理念,提高經(jīng)營管理水平。三是定期開展服務(wù)行業(yè)執(zhí)法檢查,嚴(yán)厲打擊欺客宰客現(xiàn)象,維護(hù)消費者合法權(quán)益,樹立寧陜旅游良好形象。
擴(kuò)展閱讀:發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)是農(nóng)民增收致富的渠道
發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)是農(nóng)民增收致富的渠道
1林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
1placesineconomicdevelopmentstatus
近年來,南樂縣緊緊圍繞種植結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和優(yōu)化,大力發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)林建設(shè),因地制宜地發(fā)展林下種植、養(yǎng)殖、林果業(yè)等復(fù)合經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。目前我縣發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)近3.2萬畝,其中,林牧2.2萬畝,林菌0.5萬畝,林藥0.2萬畝,林菜0.2萬畝,其他0.1萬畝。由于林下經(jīng)濟(jì)是一個新興產(chǎn)業(yè),仍處于起步階段,發(fā)展中還面臨著諸多困難和問題:
Inrecentyears,NaLeXiancloselyaroundplantingstructureadjustmentandoptimization,tovigorouslydevelopeconomicforestconstruction,adjustmeasurestolocalconditionsdevelopmentofunderstoryplanting,breeding,horticultureandothercompositeeconomicmodel.Mycountynearly3201*muofforestseconomydevelopmentatpresent,amongthem,2201*acresofforest,forest05000mu,0201*muLinmedicine,forest0201*mu,01000mu.Becauseforestseconomyisanemergingindustry,isstillinitsinfancy,stillfacesmanydifficultiesandproblemsindeveloping:
1.1規(guī)?偭坎淮,缺乏龍頭帶動近年來,林下經(jīng)濟(jì)雖然取得了初步進(jìn)展,但由
于缺乏龍頭企業(yè)帶動,林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)模較小,難以形成規(guī)模優(yōu)勢,不能滿足市場批量需求和有效的輻射帶動能力。
1.1totalscaleisnotlarge,lackofleadingimpetusinrecentyears,theforestseconomyhasmadeinitialprogress,butbecauseofthelackofleadingenterprises,forestsonasmallerscaleofeconomicdevelopment,itisdifficulttoformascaleadvantage,can"tmeetthedemandofthemarketvolumeandtheeffectiveradiationimpetusability.
1.2資金制約因素大經(jīng)調(diào)查,大多數(shù)農(nóng)戶對發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)熱情很高,但由于缺乏啟動資金,發(fā)展初期就受到限制,致使全縣林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展缺乏后勁。
1.2capitalconstraintsafterinvestigation,mostofthefarmerstoeconomicdevelopmentforestsenthusiasmisveryhigh,butbecauseoflackofstart-upcapital,earlydevelopmentisrestricted,theundergrowthcountyeconomicdevelopmentlacksstayingpower.
1.3市場組織化程度低由于缺乏專業(yè)協(xié)會,養(yǎng)殖和種植戶的市場信息不靈通,在種養(yǎng)品種選擇上存在盲目性,在產(chǎn)品經(jīng)營中,大多數(shù)只有等待收購者上門或零售,效益得不到保障。
1.3lowlevelofmarketorganizationduetolackofprofessionalassociations,breedingandfarmersmarketinformationiswellinformed,
thereisblindnessinthecultivatedspeciesselection,inproductmanagement,mostoftheonlywaitingforthebuyerorretaildoor,benefitisnotguaranteed.
1.4管理水平低在種養(yǎng)過程中尤其是養(yǎng)殖方面,養(yǎng)殖戶大多采用傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)殖方式,對科學(xué)養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)掌握不夠,致使飼養(yǎng)成本高,效益差,不能適應(yīng)市場需求。
1.4lowlevelofmanagementespeciallyintheprocessofplantingandbreeding,mostfarmersusingtraditionalbreedingmethods,breedingtechnologytomasterinscienceisnotenough,theinvestmentcostishigh,theefficiencyispoor,cannotadapttothemarketdemand.
1.5群眾認(rèn)識理解有偏差一是農(nóng)戶普遍認(rèn)為林下種養(yǎng)與普通種養(yǎng)沒什么兩樣,甚至還不如普通種養(yǎng);二是部分農(nóng)戶對林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式、扶持方式和優(yōu)惠政策等內(nèi)容認(rèn)識不夠,缺乏參與熱情;三是有的農(nóng)戶思想不解放,怕吃虧、怕賠本,畏首畏尾,對發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)持懷疑觀望態(tài)度。
1.5understandinghasdeviationitisfarmermassesisgenerallyacceptedthatforestsplantingandraisingwithordinaryplantingandraising,evenworsethannormalfarming;2itispartoffarmerstoforestsmodeofeconomicdevelopment,supportandpreferentialpolicies,suchascontentknowledgeisnotenough,lackofparticipation;
Threeissomefarmersthoughtliberation,notafraid,afraidtolosemoney,timid,theskepticismforestseconomydevelopment.
2發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)的優(yōu)勢
2developmentofpanaxeconomicadvantage
根據(jù)“近期得利、長期得林、遠(yuǎn)近結(jié)合、以短補(bǔ)長、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展”的原則,我縣大力發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)有著得天獨厚的優(yōu)勢,表現(xiàn)在:
Accordingto"therecentprofit,longLin,longdistancecombination,inshort,thecoordinateddevelopmentof"theprincipleofundergrowthmycountytodeveloptheeconomichasauniqueadvantage,displaysin:
2.1氣候優(yōu)勢我縣屬暖溫帶半濕潤季風(fēng)型大陸性氣候。特點是四季分明,春季干旱多風(fēng)沙,夏季炎熱雨量大,秋季晴和日照長,冬季干旱少雨雪。光輻射值高,非常適宜發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)。
2.1climateadvantagesIXianShuwarmtemperatesemi-humidcontinentalmonsoontypeclimate.Drysandmoreischaracterizedbyclearfourseasons,spring,summerburninghotrain,autumngappsunshinelong,winterdroughtlessrainandsnow.Opticalradiationvalueishigh,verysuitableforplacesineconomicdevelopment.
2.2林地空間優(yōu)勢目前,全縣林地面積4萬畝,其中適合發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)面積達(dá)到3.2萬畝,并且絕大部分處于閑置狀態(tài),為林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供了良好的空間優(yōu)勢。隨著上級部門對林業(yè)種植的重視程度及退耕還林政策的落實,林地面積將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大,林業(yè)對農(nóng)民增收、農(nóng)業(yè)增效的貢獻(xiàn)率也日益凸顯出來,林地優(yōu)勢更加明顯。
2.2woodlandspaceadvantageatpresent,thecountyforestlandareaof40000mu,whichissuitablefordevelopingeconomicareareaches3201*muofforests,andmostoftheidle,providesagoodspaceforpanaxeconomicdevelopmentadvantage.Withsuperiordepartmentsofforestrycultivationvaluedegreeandfulfillthepolicyofreturningfarmlandtoforest,woodlandareawillfurtherexpand,thecontributionrateofforestryfarmers"income,agriculturalefficiencyareincreasinglystandout,woodlandadvantagesmoreapparent.
2.3政策優(yōu)勢近幾年來,濮陽市委、市政府高度重視發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì),并把它列為“十一五”規(guī)劃的重點項目,在財政資金比較緊張的情況下,決定每年拿100~200萬元,支持林下經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,并提出“百萬畝速生林林下經(jīng)濟(jì)基地”的建設(shè)目標(biāo),對林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展在資金方面予以重點傾斜,以此夯實林下經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的物資基礎(chǔ)。南樂縣為抓好林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,成立了林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組,并在縣林業(yè)局設(shè)立了專門辦公室,縣政府明確表示,對發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)達(dá)到一定規(guī)模的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)給予適當(dāng)資金補(bǔ)助,為林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供了強(qiáng)有力的組織保障和財力支持。
2.3inrecentyears,thepolicyadvantageundergrowthpuyangmunicipalpartycommitteeandmunicipalgovernmentattachesgreatimportancetothedevelopmentofeconomy,andputitasakeyprojectoftheeleventhfive-yearplan,andinthecaseoffiscalfundsmorenervous,decidedtotake100~2millionyuanayear,undergrowthsupporteconomicdevelopment,andputforwardthe"onemillionmuofforestsfast-growingforestryeconomicbase"fortheconstructionofthetarget,focustilttoplacesineconomicdevelopmentintermsofmoney,inordertoconsolidateforestssuppliesbasisofrapideconomicdevelopment.UndergrowthNaLeXianundergrowthtopayspecialattentiontotheeconomicdevelopment,setupleadinggroupforeconomicdevelopment,andinthecountyforestrybureauhassetupaspecialoffice,thecountygovernmentmadeitclearthattheforestseconomyreachesacertainscaleofvillagesandtownsgiveappropriatefinancialsubsidies,foreconomicdevelopmentprovidesastrongorganizationguaranteeandfinancialsupport.
2.4效益優(yōu)勢利用林地資源,在林下綜合發(fā)展種植業(yè)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè),經(jīng)濟(jì)效益十分可觀。據(jù)調(diào)查,近幾年,濮陽市五縣二區(qū)結(jié)合各自的實際,因地制宜開發(fā)林下經(jīng)濟(jì)的不同模式,如南樂縣張果屯鄉(xiāng)的林鵝模式,畝養(yǎng)鵝1000只,一年養(yǎng)四茬,畝年效益可達(dá)2萬余元,近德古鄉(xiāng)的林下種植雙孢菇,每畝林地有效種植面積300,全年
按3茬計算,每畝純收入1.5萬元,是單純種糧或種樹效益的數(shù)倍甚至10倍以上,取得了顯著的效益。
2.4advantageuseofwoodlandresource,undergrowthincomprehensivedevelopmentofplantingindustry,animalhusbandry,economicbenefitisveryconsiderable.Accordingtothesurvey,inrecentyears,accordingtotherealityoftherespectivecountiesofpuyangcityareaofundergrowthadjustmeasurestolocalconditionstodeveloptheeconomyofdifferentpatterns,suchasNaLeXianZhangGuotuenmuntownshipLingoosemode,raisinggoosemu1000,ayearhavefourcrop,muinefficiencycanreachmorethan201*0yuan,nearlydraculatownshipofunderstoryplantingagaricusbisporus,peracrewoodlandplantingareaof300,effectivelycalculatedonthreestubble,throughouttheyear,thenetincomeof15000yuanpermuispuregrainorplanttreesbenefitseveraltimesorevenmorethan10times,andhaveachievedsignificantbenefits.
3發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)的建議?
3offorestseconomydevelopmentproposal?
林下經(jīng)濟(jì)作為生態(tài)、高效、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì),發(fā)展前景廣闊、潛力巨大。結(jié)合南樂縣林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和普遍存在的問題,我們就全縣林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提出以下幾點建
議:
Forestsasecologicaleconomy,efficientandcirculareconomy,thedevelopmentprospectandhugepotential.CombiningNaLeXianforestssituationandcommonproblemsofeconomicdevelopment,wearethecountyforestsofeconomicdevelopmentputforwardthefollowingSuggestions:
3.1擴(kuò)大宣傳,營造氛圍要充分利用廣播、電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、報紙等新聞媒體,通過技術(shù)講座、科普宣傳等方式,對發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要意義、技術(shù)模式和成功典型進(jìn)行全面、深入、廣泛的宣傳,營造良好的社會輿論氛圍;通過算對比賬、算效益賬,展示林下經(jīng)濟(jì)的綜合效益與優(yōu)勢,引導(dǎo)群眾轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,激發(fā)廣大群眾發(fā)展林下經(jīng)濟(jì)的熱情。
3.1expandingpropaganda,buildatmosphereshouldmakefulluseofradio,television,network,newspapersandothernewsmedia,throughtechnicalmethodssuchaslectures,popularsciencepropaganda,thesignificanceofforestseconomydevelopment,technologymodeandsuccessfultypicaltoconductacomprehensive,in-depthandextensivepropaganda,createagoodpublicopinionatmosphere;Throughcomparingcalculation,benefitcalculation,displayforestseconomycomprehensivebenefitsandadvantages,guidethemasseschangeideas,stimulatingtheenthusiasmofthemassesdevelopingforests
economy.
3.2培育龍頭企業(yè),示范帶動要把培育壯大產(chǎn)業(yè)龍頭作為推進(jìn)林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的突破口,大力推廣“龍頭企業(yè)+基地+農(nóng)戶”產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展模式,走產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營的路子,鼓勵種植戶、養(yǎng)殖戶搞深加工,延伸產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條,盡快形成生產(chǎn)、加工、銷售一體化產(chǎn)業(yè)格局。要充分發(fā)揮政策扶持、金融支持等優(yōu)勢,培育種養(yǎng)大戶,促其上檔次、成規(guī)模,催生扶強(qiáng)一批專業(yè)化林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展龍頭,帶動更多的群眾投身林下經(jīng)濟(jì)。
3.2cultivateleadingenterprises,demonstrationtofostergrowthindrivingindustryleadingasthebreachoftheundergrowthtopromoteeconomicdevelopment,vigorouslypromoteindustrializationof"leadingenterprise+base+farmers"developmentmodel,findawayofindustrialization,encouragesfarmers,farmersmakedeepprocessing,extendindustrychain,formapatternofproduction,processingandmarketingintegrationindustryassoonaspossible.Togivefullplaytotheadvantagesofthepolicysupport,financialsupport,cultivatingandraising,promotingitsgrade,scale,generatedbyagroupofprofessionalforestsleadingeconomicdevelopment,drivemorepeopleintoforestseconomy.
3.3結(jié)合農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,發(fā)展適銷對路的林下經(jīng)濟(jì)在充分尊重農(nóng)民意愿、切實維護(hù)農(nóng)民利益的基礎(chǔ)上,制定完善林地發(fā)展規(guī)劃。根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)和產(chǎn)品市場情況,
結(jié)合縣域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和新型工業(yè)化的要求,充分發(fā)揮地域優(yōu)勢、產(chǎn)業(yè)和特色產(chǎn)品優(yōu)勢,突出產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展建設(shè)重點,把規(guī)劃做得科學(xué)合理蒸汽冷凝水回收裝置。
3.3combinedwiththeagriculturalstructureadjustment,undergrowthmarketableeconomydevelopmentinfullrespectforfarmers"willingness,tosafeguardtheinterestsofthefarmers,basedontheformulatedperfectforestrydevelopmentplan.Accordingtotheagricultureenterpriseandtheproductmarketsituation,combinedwiththecountyeconomydevelopmentandnewindustrialization,givefullplaytoregionaladvantagesandindustrialadvantagesandcharacteristicproducts,mainlyindustrialdevelopmentandconstruction,theplanningisdonescientifically.
3.4科學(xué)規(guī)劃,合理布局要按照因地制宜、統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、合理布局、突出特色、發(fā)揮優(yōu)勢、講求實效原則,對林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)行合理布局,確定中長期發(fā)展目標(biāo),科學(xué)選擇林間種植、養(yǎng)殖模式,拓寬林間種植、養(yǎng)殖類別,因地制宜,宜養(yǎng)則養(yǎng)、宜種則種,提高林下經(jīng)濟(jì)的社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)效益水泥制管機(jī)。
3.4scientificplanningandreasonablelayoutaccordingtoadjustmeasurestolocalconditions,overallplanning,rationallayout,theprominentcharacteristic,advantage,pragmaticprinciples,toreasonablelayoutofplacesineconomicdevelopment,todeterminethe
long-termdevelopmenttargets,scientificforestplantingandbreedingpatternchoice,broadentheforestplantingandbreedingcategories,adjustmeasurestolocalconditions,appropriatesupport,support,YiZhongspecies,improvethesocial,economicandecologicalforestsandeconomicbenefits.
3.5加大政策、科技扶持力度為了促進(jìn)林下經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速健康發(fā)展,必須在政策、技術(shù)等方面予以大力扶持。起重機(jī)配件首先,在縣鄉(xiāng)建立健全科技推廣、培訓(xùn)和服務(wù)的信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系,加大技術(shù)培訓(xùn)力度,建立林下經(jīng)濟(jì)科技推廣、培訓(xùn)、服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu),加大產(chǎn)前、產(chǎn)中、產(chǎn)后的跟蹤服務(wù),以保障林下經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。二要搞好資金服務(wù)。各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)財政每年應(yīng)安排林下經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展專項資金,用于補(bǔ)貼農(nóng)戶和林地基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)。其三要加強(qiáng)林下經(jīng)濟(jì)的科學(xué)研究工作,與科研院所建立聯(lián)系協(xié)同攻關(guān)。其四要搞好市場服務(wù)。按照群眾自愿、民主管理、風(fēng)險共擔(dān)、利益共享原則,成立林下經(jīng)濟(jì)專業(yè)合作組織或協(xié)會,塑料土工格柵發(fā)展經(jīng)紀(jì)人隊伍,加強(qiáng)市場研究,建立預(yù)警機(jī)制,規(guī)避市場風(fēng)險,提高林下經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)化組織程度,使林下經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展壯大。
3.5increasetheintensityofpolicy,scienceandtechnologysupportinordertopromoteeconomic,rapidandhealthydevelopmentofforestsmustbevigorouslysupportinpolicyandtechnology,etc.Firstofall,inthecountiesandtownshipsestablishandimprovethescienceandtechnologypromotion,trainingandserviceofinformationnetworksystem,strengtheningtechnicaltraining,establishingforestseconomy
scienceandtechnologypromotion,training,serviceagencies,increasebefore,duringorafterthetrackingservice,toprotectforestseconomythehealthydevelopmentoftheindustry.Second,wemustdoagoodjobinfinancialservices.Eachtownshipfiscalyearshallarrangeforestseconomicdevelopmentspecialfund,subsidiesforfarmersandforestinfrastructure.Thirdlyundergrowthshouldstrengtheneconomicscientificresearchwork,contactwithresearchinstitutestoestablishcollaborativeresearch.Its4todowellthemarketservice.,democraticmanagementinaccordancewiththewishesofthemasses,theprincipleofrisk-sharing,benefitsharing,theestablishmentofforests,professionalcooperativeeconomicorganizationorassociationdevelopmentagentteam,strengthenthemarketresearch,establishingearlywarningmechanism,evadingmarketrisk,theeconomicorganizationofindustrializationforests,forestseconomycontinuetogrowstronger.
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