試用期員工考評(píng)個(gè)人總結(jié)(V1)
試用期員工轉(zhuǎn)正申請(qǐng)和個(gè)人總結(jié)
第一部分:個(gè)人基本信息
申請(qǐng)人姓名:何樂員工號(hào):997531崗位/職位:部門/分部門:準(zhǔn)備班直接經(jīng)理:入職時(shí)間:201*.10.24第二部分:個(gè)人總結(jié)(含轉(zhuǎn)正申請(qǐng),請(qǐng)結(jié)合自己從事的崗位和實(shí)際工作情況,從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行總結(jié))
一、知識(shí)和技術(shù),包含工作所需的相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)、理論水平等,工作所需的技術(shù)/技巧/業(yè)務(wù)熟練程度/經(jīng)驗(yàn)等,知識(shí)面等方面:
本人專業(yè)知識(shí)不是很好,但求知欲強(qiáng)烈,肯學(xué)習(xí)。盡管在實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)于工作技巧方面比較欠缺,但堅(jiān)信在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的悉心指導(dǎo)和同事的熱情幫助下一定能夠逐漸積累,逐步提高
二、能力。包含綜合分析能力:分析問題、判斷原因、通過調(diào)查/研究/推理/思考總結(jié)歸納具體對(duì)策/方法的能力,表達(dá)、協(xié)調(diào)能力:正確表達(dá)自己的意見,說服他人與自己協(xié)作配合,維持良好人際關(guān)系的能力(崗位不同,要求應(yīng)不同),其它能力,如:談判、社交、對(duì)新技術(shù)新產(chǎn)品的敏感性、思維周密性等(崗位不同,要求應(yīng)不同)等方面:
本人思維慎密,沉著穩(wěn)重,觀察力敏銳,人緣好但口才能力不佳,處事客觀,常為他人設(shè)身處地著想,熱愛思考,尤其在協(xié)作意識(shí)方面比較自覺。不過由于實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足的原因,在工作中遇到問題時(shí),還需要各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和同事的熱心教導(dǎo)
三、素質(zhì)與潛力。包含身體素質(zhì),事業(yè)心:肯鉆研、有進(jìn)取心,學(xué)習(xí)能力特別是自學(xué)能力,是否具備積極、主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)精神等方面:
本人身體健康,積極上進(jìn),事業(yè)心強(qiáng),愛工作,肯磚研,再學(xué)習(xí)能力好,懇請(qǐng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)栽培
四、態(tài)度和成績。工作主動(dòng)性和責(zé)任心,完成工作情況,工作中是否具備協(xié)作精神等方面:
本人工作認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé),具備良好的團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作精神,在工作成績方面希望更進(jìn)一步,一方面回報(bào)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)及同事的厚愛,另一方面實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值
申請(qǐng)人:何樂
日期:201*.2.
擴(kuò)展閱讀:RIP全集個(gè)人總結(jié)V1.5--U201*0420
RIP全集個(gè)人總結(jié)V1.5
目錄
1.RIP基礎(chǔ)部分----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1)ClassfulRouting/有類路由協(xié)議----------------------------------------------------------------12)ClasslessRouting/無類路由協(xié)議---------------------------------------------------------------13)RIP的信息類型-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)邊界的自動(dòng)匯總-------------------------------------------------------------------------------22.RIPTimersRIP的幾個(gè)時(shí)間-------------------------------------------------------------------------------23.解決RIP中路由回環(huán)問題的機(jī)制-------------------------------------------------------------------------134.關(guān)于水平分割(Splithorizon)-----------------------------------------------------------------------135.RIP的基本配置:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------136.RIP的版本控制:默認(rèn)情況運(yùn)行v1-----------------------------------------------------------------------147.V1與V2的區(qū)別------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------158.運(yùn)行RIP版本1的接口的收發(fā)原則:-------------------------------------------------------------------159.RIP的自動(dòng)/手工匯總--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1610.RIP的單播更新:(Unicast-Update)/被動(dòng)接口----------------------------------------------------1711.RIP的觸發(fā)更新--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1912.RIPauthentication/RIP認(rèn)證-------------------------------------------------------------------------201*.Offset-list/偏置列表,實(shí)現(xiàn)RIP路由的控制-----------------------------------------------------2114.RIP傳遞默認(rèn)路由的5種方法---------------------------------------------------------------------------24
1.RIP基礎(chǔ)部分
1)ClassfulRouting/有類路由協(xié)議
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
IGRP/RIPV1
1.在發(fā)送路由更新信息時(shí),不攜帶子網(wǎng)掩碼,無法描述路由條目的路由長度2.在主類的網(wǎng)絡(luò)邊界上,自動(dòng)發(fā)生路由匯總
匯總到主類網(wǎng)絡(luò)的默認(rèn)的路由長度(自動(dòng)匯總是無法關(guān)閉的)(不支持VLSM,只能匯總為A/B/C類).
3.由于上述原因,有類路由協(xié)議會(huì)產(chǎn)生"不連續(xù)子網(wǎng)"的路由通達(dá)性問題.
2)ClasslessRouting/無類路由協(xié)議
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RIPV2的automaticsummary
1.不會(huì)對(duì)收到的明細(xì)路由進(jìn)行匯總
2.對(duì)自己直連的路由進(jìn)行匯總后,再通告出去.
3.把收到的明細(xì)路由放進(jìn)路由表中,但會(huì)對(duì)明細(xì)路由進(jìn)行匯總后再通告出去!
EIGRP的automaticsummary
1.不會(huì)對(duì)收到的明細(xì)路由進(jìn)行匯總,
2.對(duì)自己直連的路由進(jìn)行匯總后,再通告出去
3.把收到的明細(xì)路由放進(jìn)路由表中,并且把收到的明細(xì)路由通告出去!
RIPv2/EIGRP/OSPF/IS-IS/BGPv4
1.在發(fā)送路由更新信息時(shí),已經(jīng)攜帶子網(wǎng)掩碼.
2.支持VLSM,路由的手工/自動(dòng)匯總,(可以關(guān)閉自動(dòng)匯總)3.在部分先進(jìn)的路由協(xié)議中,支持CIDR(超網(wǎng))
備注:
ipclassless(在IOS為12.0以后的版本中,默認(rèn)啟動(dòng)無類路由。)
3)RIP的信息類型
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RIP通過UDP520號(hào)端口操作,RIP信息是被封裝在UDP的segment中的。通常情況下,RIP有兩種信息類型:
1、request(請(qǐng)求更新包):用于向相鄰路由器發(fā)送一個(gè)更新的請(qǐng)求信息2、update(更新回應(yīng)包):用于回應(yīng)request信息
4)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)邊界的自動(dòng)匯總
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
DV協(xié)議默認(rèn)會(huì)執(zhí)行自動(dòng)匯總,(RIP/IGRP/EIGRP)LS協(xié)議默認(rèn)不執(zhí)行自動(dòng)匯總.(OSPF/ISIS)
2.RIPTimersRIP的幾個(gè)時(shí)間
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
實(shí)驗(yàn)拓?fù)洌ㄒ韵聦?shí)驗(yàn)操作均使用本拓?fù)洌?/p>
R1(s1/1)--192.168.12.0/24--(s1/1)R2(s1/3)--192.168.23.0/24--(S1/3)R3
|||
Lo1Lo2Lo3
Updatetimer(更新時(shí)間)
1.RIP在啟動(dòng)后,每隔30S(default)從所有RIPInterface上向外發(fā)送update2.這個(gè)update包含了路由器中除了被splithorizon(水平分割)抑制的完整的路由表,3.update周期發(fā)送的時(shí)間間隔默認(rèn)為(updatetimer)25.5秒到30秒之間(一個(gè)隨機(jī)值)[異步更新];
RIP_JITTER是CiscoIOS中專有的一個(gè)隨機(jī)變量,它縮短到一般更新時(shí)間的15%(即4.5s)。因此,在CISCO中的實(shí)際更新時(shí)間是上25.5~30秒之間
4.RIPV1,update的目標(biāo)地址為255.255.255.255;RIPV2的為224.0.0.9
備注:jitter
[‘dit];n.(信號(hào)的)不穩(wěn)定;跳[顫,抖]動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)說明:
基本配置:r1:
interfaceLoopback0
ipaddress1.1.1.1255.255.255.0interfaceSerial1/1
ipaddress192.168.12.1255.255.255.0routerrip
network1.0.0.0
network192.168.12.0r2:
interfaceSerial1/1
ipaddress192.168.12.2255.255.255.0interfaceSerial1/3
ipaddress192.168.23.2255.255.255.0routerrip
network192.168.12.0network192.168.23.0r3:
interfaceSerial1/3
ipaddress192.168.23.3255.255.255.0routerrip
network192.168.23.0
路由器R1:默認(rèn)版本1的update情況
*Mar100:21:18.655:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar100:21:18.655:RIP:buildupdateentries-suppressingnullupdate*Mar100:21:25.363:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.2onSerial1/1*Mar100:21:25.367:192.168.23.0in1hops
r1#shiproute
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/1
R192.168.23.0/24[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:26,Serial1/1
*Mar100:21:52.107:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.2onSerial1/1*Mar100:21:52.111:192.168.23.0in1hopsshiproute
配置為版本2,關(guān)閉auto-summary后R2的update情況
*Mar100:06:36.999:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar100:06:36.999:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar100:06:37.003:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0
*Mar100:06:37.003:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/3(192.168.23.2)*Mar100:06:37.007:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar100:06:37.007:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0
*Mar100:07:05.411:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar100:07:05.411:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar100:07:05.415:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0
*Mar100:07:05.415:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/3(192.168.23.2)*Mar100:07:05.419:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar100:07:05.419:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0
Invalidtimer(無效時(shí)間)
1.當(dāng)有條目加入到路由表中時(shí),該條目的invalidtimer就會(huì)初始化為180S;
2.如果路由器在invalidtimer內(nèi)沒有收到該條目的更新信息,那么它在超過180S后將會(huì)被標(biāo)記為不可達(dá),即16跳;
3.它的典型周期范圍是3~6個(gè)update周期,無效時(shí)間在IOS中缺省是180秒
Holddowntimer(保持時(shí)間)
以下為開啟holddown計(jì)時(shí)器的兩種情況:1.180S,如果新收到的路由條目比原有的條目的metric值更大,那么原有的條目會(huì)進(jìn)入一個(gè)長為180s的holddown狀態(tài);
2.無效計(jì)時(shí)器到期后,開啟holddown計(jì)時(shí)器;在抑制計(jì)時(shí)器的時(shí)間內(nèi)該條目標(biāo)記為possibledown,直到計(jì)時(shí)器超時(shí),路由器才可以接受有關(guān)此路由的更新信息原理:
該計(jì)時(shí)器的原理是引用一個(gè)懷疑量,不管是真的還是假的路由消息,路由器先認(rèn)為是假消息來避免路由環(huán)路。如果在抑制計(jì)時(shí)器超時(shí)后還接受到該消息,那么這時(shí)路由器就認(rèn)為該消息時(shí)真的。RIP中認(rèn)為假的消息總是真不了,不長久
Flushtimer(刷新時(shí)間)
240S。但RFC1058中規(guī)定的是300S。如果超出240S,那么路由被標(biāo)記為不可達(dá),并從路由表中移除
實(shí)驗(yàn)說明:
r1#shipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"rip"
Sendingupdatesevery30seconds,nextduein9secondsInvalidafter180seconds,holddown180,flushedafter240OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetRedistributing:rip
Defaultversioncontrol:sendversion1,receiveanyversionInterfaceSendRecvTriggeredRIPKey-chainSerial1/1112Loopback0112AutomaticnetworksummarizationisineffectMaximumpath:4RoutingforNetworks:1.0.0.0
192.168.12.0
RoutingInformationSources:
GatewayDistanceLastUpdate192.168.12.21201*:00:28Distance:(defaultis120)
通過開啟debug觀察路由表的變化情況:
r1#debugiproutingr1#debugiprip
在R1上,做訪問列表,不接收來自R2的rip數(shù)據(jù)包:
r1(config)#access-list111denyudpanyanyeqripr1(config)#access-list111permitipanyanyr1(config-if)#ipaccess-group111in
r1#shiproute
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0
R2.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:03:13,Serial1/1R3.0.0.0/8[120/2]via192.168.12.2,00:03:13,Serial1/1R192.168.23.0/24[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:03:13,Serial1/1
180S后來自R2路由條目,被宣告無效,hop=16跳(即invail計(jì)時(shí)器走完)
*Mar100:30:40.183:RT:deleterouteto2.0.0.0via192.168.12.2,ripmetric[120/1]*Mar100:30:40.183:RT:noroutesto2.0.0.0,enteringholddown
*Mar100:30:40.183:RT:deleterouteto3.0.0.0via192.168.12.2,ripmetric[120/2]*Mar100:30:40.183:RT:noroutesto3.0.0.0,enteringholddown
*Mar100:30:40.183:RT:deleterouteto192.168.23.0via192.168.12.2,ripmetric[120/1]*Mar100:30:40.183:RT:noroutesto192.168.23.0,enteringholddown
*Mar100:30:40.183:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar100:30:40.183:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:30:40.183:network1.0.0.0metric1*Mar100:30:40.183:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:40.183:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:40.183:network192.168.23.0metric16
*Mar100:30:40.183:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar100:30:40.183:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:30:40.183:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:40.183:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:40.183:network192.168.12.0metric1*Mar100:30:40.183:network192.168.23.0metric16
*Mar100:30:42.183:RIP:sendingv1flashupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar100:30:42.183:RIP:buildflashupdateentries*Mar100:30:42.187:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:42.187:network3.0.0.0metric16
*Mar100:30:42.187:network192.168.23.0metric16
*Mar100:30:42.191:RIP:sendingv1flashupdateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar100:30:42.191:RIP:buildflashupdateentries*Mar100:30:42.195:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:42.195:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar100:30:42.199:network192.168.23.0metric16
Holddown計(jì)時(shí)器開始,進(jìn)入possibledown狀態(tài)
r1#shiproute
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0
R2.0.0.0/8ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.2,Serial1/1R3.0.0.0/8ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.2,Serial1/1R192.168.23.0/24ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.2,Serial1/1
R2的debug輸出信息,如下:
*Mar100:30:02.051:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar100:30:02.055:1.0.0.0in1hops
*Mar100:30:18.687:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial1/3*Mar100:30:18.691:3.0.0.0in1hops
*Mar100:30:23.527:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar100:30:23.531:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:30:23.531:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar100:30:23.531:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar100:30:23.535:network192.168.23.0metric1
*Mar100:30:23.535:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/3(192.168.23.2)*Mar100:30:23.539:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:30:23.539:network1.0.0.0metric2*Mar100:30:23.539:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar100:30:23.539:network192.168.12.0metric1
*Mar100:30:23.539:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(2.2.2.2)*Mar100:30:23.539:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:30:23.539:network1.0.0.0metric2*Mar100:30:23.539:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar100:30:23.539:network192.168.12.0metric1*Mar100:30:23.539:network192.168.23.0metric1
*Mar100:30:27.727:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar100:30:27.731:1.0.0.0in1hops
*Mar100:30:27.731:2.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar100:30:27.731:3.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar100:30:27.735:192.168.23.0in16hops(inaccessible)
*Mar100:30:29.791:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar100:30:29.795:2.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)
*Mar100:30:29.795:3.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar100:30:29.799:192.168.23.0in16hops(inaccessible)
*Mar100:30:46.851:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial1/3*Mar100:30:46.855:3.0.0.0in1hops
R1中的Flush計(jì)時(shí)器到期后,刪除不可達(dá)的路由:
【00:30:40.183------00:31:36.611;共計(jì)56.5左右,Invalidtimer后flush計(jì)時(shí)器到期】
*Mar100:31:36.611:RT:deletenetworkrouteto2.0.0.0*Mar100:31:36.611:RT:NET-RED2.0.0.0/8
*Mar100:31:36.615:RT:NET-REDqueued,Queuesize1*Mar100:31:36.615:RT:deletenetworkrouteto3.0.0.0*Mar100:31:36.619:RT:NET-RED3.0.0.0/8
*Mar100:31:36.619:RT:NET-REDqueued,Queuesize2*Mar100:31:36.623:RT:deletenetworkrouteto192.168.23.0*Mar100:31:36.623:RT:NET-RED192.168.23.0/24*Mar100:31:36.623:RT:NET-REDqueued,Queuesize3
*Mar100:31:36.627:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar100:31:36.627:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:31:36.631:network1.0.0.0metric1
*Mar100:31:36.631:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar100:31:36.635:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar100:31:36.635:network192.168.12.0metric1r1#shiproute
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0
SleepTimer:(觸發(fā)更新計(jì)時(shí)器)
1.單位毫秒!,其他計(jì)時(shí)器單位都是秒;
2.RIP使用帶毒性逆轉(zhuǎn)(poisonreverse)的水平分割(splithorizon)和觸發(fā)更新。觸發(fā)更新
只要在有路由的度量值發(fā)生改變時(shí)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生,而且觸發(fā)更新不會(huì)引起接收路由器重置它們的更新計(jì)時(shí)器;因?yàn)槿绻@么做,網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)涞母淖儠?huì)造成觸發(fā)更新“風(fēng)暴”;3.還需使用另一個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)器,當(dāng)一個(gè)觸發(fā)更新傳播時(shí),這個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)器被隨機(jī)的設(shè)置為1-5s
之間的數(shù)值;在這個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)器超時(shí)前不能發(fā)送并發(fā)的觸發(fā)更新。
注意:
1.在rip的database里面invalidtimer時(shí)間180秒到了,就進(jìn)入holddown180秒,Invalidtimer和Flushtimer同時(shí)開啟的;
備注:
1.在holddowntimer開始的時(shí)候就開始對(duì)外發(fā)路由毒化的路由,即hop=16,收到這個(gè)路由的設(shè)備毒性反轉(zhuǎn),再發(fā)送hop=16回來(打破水平分割原則);holddown的存在理由就是為了使得全網(wǎng)的毒化路由接收一致,防止路由環(huán)路2.計(jì)時(shí)器總結(jié)
說明:Holddown計(jì)時(shí)器在無效計(jì)時(shí)器運(yùn)行180s后,開啟,也只運(yùn)行60s后;與刷新時(shí)間一起清零參考文檔
【修改四個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)器的值,重新觀察收不到路由更新后的過程】
使用默認(rèn)的時(shí)間,調(diào)試過程時(shí)間較長,修改timer計(jì)時(shí)器時(shí)間,使得調(diào)試結(jié)果跟明顯
r1(config)#routerrip
r1(config-router)#timersbasic?
Intervalbetweenupdatesr1(config-router)#timersbasic5?Invalid
r1(config-router)#timersbasic510?Holddown
r1(config-router)#timersbasic51015?Flush
r1(config-router)#timersbasic5101520
r1#shipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"rip"
Sendingupdatesevery5seconds,nextduein3secondsInvalidafter10seconds,holddown15,flushedafter20OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisnotsetRedistributing:rip……………r1(config)#ints1/1r1(config-if)#ipaccess
r1(config-if)#ipaccess-group111in
無效計(jì)時(shí)器10s過后,進(jìn)入holddown計(jì)時(shí)器;
8r1#shiproute
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0
R2.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:10,Serial1/1R3.0.0.0/8[120/2]via192.168.12.2,00:00:10,Serial1/1R192.168.23.0/24[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:10,Serial1/1r1#
*Mar103:02:13.255:RT:deleterouteto2.0.0.0via192.168.12.2,ripmetric[120/1]*Mar103:02:13.255:RT:noroutesto2.0.0.0,enteringholddown
*Mar103:02:13.259:RT:deleterouteto3.0.0.0via192.168.12.2,ripmetric[120/2]*Mar103:02:13.263:RT:noroutesto3.0.0.0,enteringholddown
*Mar103:02:13.263:RT:deleterouteto192.168.23.0via192.168.12.2,ripmetric[120/1]*Mar103:02:13.267:RT:noroutesto192.168.23.0,enteringholddown
*Mar103:02:13.271:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar103:02:13.271:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:02:13.271:network1.0.0.0metric1*Mar103:02:13.275:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:13.275:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:13.279:network192.168.23.0metric16
*Mar103:02:13.279:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar103:02:13.283:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:02:13.283:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:13.283:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:13.287:network192.168.12.0metric1*Mar103:02:13.287:network192.168.23.0metric16
同時(shí)路由表中顯示從R2收的到的路由條目possiblydown
r1#shiproute
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0
R2.0.0.0/8ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.2,Serial1/1R3.0.0.0/8ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.2,Serial1/1R192.168.23.0/24ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.2,Serial1/1
r1將從R2收到的路由條目進(jìn)行毒化后,傳播到其鄰居R2
*Mar103:02:15.259:RIP:sendingv1flashupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)
*Mar103:02:15.259:RIP:buildflashupdateentries*Mar103:02:15.263:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:15.263:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:15.263:network192.168.23.0metric16
*Mar103:02:15.263:RIP:sendingv1flashupdateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar103:02:15.263:RIP:buildflashupdateentries
*Mar103:02:15.263:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:15.263:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:15.263:network192.168.23.0metric16r1#
*Mar103:02:17.759:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar103:02:17.763:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:02:17.763:network1.0.0.0metric1*Mar103:02:17.763:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:17.767:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:17.767:network192.168.23.0metric16
*Mar103:02:17.771:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar103:02:17.771:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:02:17.771:network2.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:17.775:network3.0.0.0metric16*Mar103:02:17.775:network192.168.12.0metric1*Mar103:02:17.779:network192.168.23.0metric16
R1中的Flush計(jì)時(shí)器到期后,刪除不可達(dá)的路由:
【03:02:13.255------03:02:22.451;共計(jì)10s左右,Invalidtimer后flush計(jì)時(shí)器到期】
*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:deletenetworkrouteto2.0.0.0*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:NET-RED2.0.0.0/8
*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:NET-REDqueued,Queuesize1*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:deletenetworkrouteto3.0.0.0*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:NET-RED3.0.0.0/8
*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:NET-REDqueued,Queuesize2*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:deletenetworkrouteto192.168.23.0*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:NET-RED192.168.23.0/24*Mar103:02:22.451:RT:NET-REDqueued,Queuesize3
*Mar103:02:22.451:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar103:02:22.451:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:02:22.455:network1.0.0.0metric1
查看路由表,已無從R2學(xué)到的路由條目
r1#shiproute
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0
R2從s1/1接口收到路由不可達(dá)的消息,及其發(fā)送的路由更新
*Mar103:56:07.875:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback0(2.2.2.2)*Mar103:56:07.879:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:56:07.879:network1.0.0.0metric2*Mar103:56:07.883:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar103:56:07.883:network192.168.12.0metric1*Mar103:56:07.883:network192.168.23.0metric1
*Mar103:56:08.063:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar103:56:08.063:1.0.0.0in1hops
*Mar103:56:08.067:2.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar103:56:08.067:3.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar103:56:08.067:192.168.23.0in16hops(inaccessible)
*Mar103:56:08.071:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial1/3*Mar103:56:08.071:3.0.0.0in1hops
*Mar103:56:10.051:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar103:56:10.051:2.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar103:56:10.051:3.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)*Mar103:56:10.055:192.168.23.0in16hops(inaccessible)
*Mar103:56:12.763:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar103:56:12.767:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:56:12.767:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar103:56:12.767:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar103:56:12.771:network192.168.23.0metric1……………
*Mar103:56:17.279:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar103:56:17.283:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar103:56:17.283:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar103:56:17.283:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar103:56:17.283:network192.168.23.0metric1
【觀察holddowntimer作用:在計(jì)時(shí)器超時(shí)前,如收到正確的更新,也不會(huì)更新其路由表】拓?fù)洌?/p>
1.1.1.0/24---(lo1)R1(S1)-----------(S1)R2(S0)----------(S0)R11.在R1/R2/R3上同時(shí)修改四個(gè)計(jì)時(shí)器值
R(config)#routerrip
R(config-router)#timersbasic103030100
2.在R2上開啟debug信息
R2#debugiprip
RIPprotocoldebuggingisonR2#debugiproutingIProutingdebuggingison
3.在R1的S1上開啟passive接口,阻止發(fā)送更新給R2,觀察R2的debug信息
R1(config-router)#passive-interfaceserial1
跟進(jìn)解說:
30s無效時(shí)間后,路由沒收到更新,該路由條目進(jìn)入possiblydown狀態(tài)
R2的debug信息
02:23:39:RT:deleterouteto1.0.0.0via192.168.12.1,ripmetric[120/1]02:23:39:RT:noroutesto1.0.0.0,enteringholddown
02:23:39:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial0(192.168.23.2)02:23:39:RIP:buildupdateentries
02:23:39:network1.0.0.0metric16【路由中毒】02:23:39:network192.168.12.0metric1
02:23:39:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1(192.168.12.2)
02:23:39:RIP:buildupdateentries02:23:39:network1.0.0.0metric1602:23:39:network192.168.23.0metric1
02:23:39:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial0
02:23:39:1.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)【毒性逆轉(zhuǎn),打破水平分割原則】
R2的路由表信息,顯示1.0.0.0此路由條目已進(jìn)入possibledown狀態(tài)
R2#shiproute
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1
R1.0.0.0/8ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.1,Serial12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C2.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback2C192.168.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0
4.R2進(jìn)入possibledown狀態(tài),在R1的S1上立刻關(guān)閉passive接口,觀察R2的debug信息
R1(config-router)#nopassive-interfaceserial1
R2收到路由正確的路由更新,但R2不將其寫入路由表中,R2路由表中的1.0.0.0還是在possibledown:
R2#
02:23:59:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial002:23:59:1.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)
02:24:01:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial102:24:01:1.0.0.0in1hopsR2#shiproute
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1
R1.0.0.0/8ispossiblydown,routingvia192.168.12.1,Serial12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C2.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback2C192.168.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0
02:24:07:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial0(192.168.23.2)02:24:07:RIP:buildupdateentries02:24:07:network1.0.0.0metric1602:24:07:network192.168.12.0metric1
02:24:07:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1(192.168.12.2)02:24:07:RIP:buildupdateentries02:24:07:network1.0.0.0metric1602:24:07:network192.168.23.0metric1
02:24:07:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial002:24:07:1.0.0.0in16hops(inaccessible)
02:24:10:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial102:24:10:1.0.0.0in1hops
02:24:10:RT:1.0.0.0cameoutofholddown【holddowntimer超時(shí),正確的路由寫入路由表】02:24:10:RT:add1.0.0.0/8via192.168.12.1,ripmetric[120/1]
【02:23:39-----02:24:10,約30s左右,才將正確的路由信息,寫入路由表中】
3.解決RIP中路由回環(huán)問題的機(jī)制~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RIP是一個(gè)基于流言的路由協(xié)議,屬于距離矢量路由協(xié)議。它容易產(chǎn)生路由環(huán)路,為了解決路由回環(huán)問題,RIP定義了七種機(jī)制:1、最大跳數(shù)(Maxhop-count)2、水平分割(splithorizon)3、路由毒化
4、毒性翻轉(zhuǎn)(poisonreverse)5、抑制時(shí)間(holddown-timer)6、觸發(fā)更新(triggeredupdate)
7、異步更新[更新時(shí)間是一個(gè)25.5s--30s之間的隨機(jī)值]
RIP的metric是基于跳數(shù)(hop-count)的。有兩個(gè)敏感值:15,16。
15跳是邊緣跳數(shù),是一個(gè)極限值;而16跳就是死亡跳數(shù),它代表不可達(dá)。
4.關(guān)于水平分割(Splithorizon)
1、對(duì)于一個(gè)路由器,路由信息從一個(gè)接口進(jìn)入后,不能再從這個(gè)接口發(fā)出(但可以從別的接口發(fā)出)
2、適用于哪些協(xié)議:
只適用于DV協(xié)議,不適用于LS協(xié)議。實(shí)驗(yàn)說明:
*Mar104:12:01.626:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar104:12:01.630:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar104:12:01.630:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar104:12:01.630:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar104:12:01.634:network192.168.23.0metric1
*Mar104:12:01.634:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/3(192.168.23.2)*Mar104:12:01.638:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar104:12:01.638:network1.0.0.0metric2*Mar104:12:01.638:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar104:12:01.642:network192.168.12.0metric1………………
*Mar104:12:13.374:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar104:12:13.378:1.0.0.0in1hops
*Mar104:12:14.950:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom192.168.23.3onSerial1/3*Mar104:12:14.954:3.0.0.0in1hops
5.RIP的基本配置:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
R3#shrun|bripR1(config)#routerrip
R1(config-router)#network13.0.0.0R1(config-router)#network172.168.0.0
(宣告與本路由直接相連的網(wǎng)絡(luò),只需要宣告其主類網(wǎng)絡(luò))
debugiprip(察看RIP的路由信息的收發(fā))
showiprouterip(察看從RIP學(xué)到的路由信息)undebugall(關(guān)閉所有的Debug)
6.RIP的版本控制:默認(rèn)情況運(yùn)行v1
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
showipprotocols(查看RIP的版本控制)在未指定版本時(shí),RIP的默認(rèn)版本是:發(fā)1,收1/2指定V1:發(fā)1收1指定V2:發(fā)2收2.
在全局配置,對(duì)所有接口生效:R1(config)#routerrip
R1(config-routing)#version1R1(config-routing)#version2
對(duì)特定接口,指定RIP版本,(接口的優(yōu)先級(jí)一般比全局要高)interfaceserial0
ipripsendversion1/2ipripreceiveversion1/2
實(shí)驗(yàn)舉例:R1的配置:
interfaceSerial1/1
ipripreceiveversion1R2的配置:routerripversion2
R1上的debug信息輸出:
*Mar104:38:19.122:RIP:ignoredv2packetfrom192.168.12.2(illegalversion)
R2的debug信息輸出:
*Mar104:40:41.998:RIP:ignoredv1packetfrom192.168.23.3(illegalversion)*Mar104:40:49.218:RIP:ignoredv1packetfrom192.168.12.1(illegalversion)*Mar104:40:51.194:RIP:ignoredv1packetfrom192.168.12.1(illegalversion)*Mar104:40:58.362:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar104:40:58.362:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar104:40:58.366:1.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric16,tag0*Mar104:40:58.366:2.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar104:40:58.370:3.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric16,tag0*Mar104:40:58.370:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0
7.V1與V2的區(qū)別
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
V1:不攜帶子網(wǎng)掩碼,不攜帶下一跳信息,用播地址(255.255.255.255)發(fā)送路由更新.V2:攜帶子網(wǎng)掩碼,攜帶下一跳信息,用組播地址(224.0.0.9)發(fā)送路由更新.
實(shí)驗(yàn)說明:
r1(config)#routerrip
r1(config-router)#version2
r1(config-router)#noauto-summary
*Mar104:27:41.262:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar104:27:41.262:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar104:27:41.266:1.1.1.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0
*Mar104:27:41.266:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaLoopback0(1.1.1.1)*Mar104:27:41.270:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar104:27:41.270:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0
*Mar104:27:41.278:RIP:ignoredv2packetfrom1.1.1.1(sourcedfromoneofouraddresses)
R2配置不變
*Mar104:28:52.494:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar104:28:52.498:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar104:28:52.498:network2.0.0.0metric1*Mar104:28:52.498:network3.0.0.0metric2*Mar104:28:52.502:network192.168.23.0metric1
*Mar104:28:52.502:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial1/3(192.168.23.2)*Mar104:28:52.506:RIP:buildupdateentries*Mar104:28:52.506:network1.0.0.0metric2*Mar104:28:52.510:network2.0.0.0metric1
8.運(yùn)行RIP版本1的接口的收發(fā)原則:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
RIP版本1中,發(fā)送update中的條目不帶子網(wǎng)掩碼(因?yàn)樗怯蓄惖穆酚蓞f(xié)議),為了保證掩碼相同,在發(fā)送條目之前要進(jìn)行是否發(fā)送的判斷
發(fā)送方的判斷:
發(fā)送端口判斷是否屬于水平分割是:不發(fā)判斷過程否:發(fā)送備注防止路由環(huán)路的一個(gè)方法子網(wǎng)劃分的長度一樣則發(fā)生比較要發(fā)送的條目和發(fā)送端主類地址相同:掩碼相同:發(fā)送口的主類網(wǎng)絡(luò)比較掩碼掩碼不同:1.不發(fā)送不支持VLSM,因?yàn)?./32位主機(jī)路由則法classful主類地址不相同:匯總成主類網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)送接收方的判斷:
接收端口判斷判斷過程備注比較收到的條目和接收端口相同:用接收端口的掩碼填充該條目不支持VLSM的主類地址不同:用收到條目的主類地址的掩碼填充該條目掩碼9.RIP的自動(dòng)/手工匯總
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~自動(dòng)匯總
RIPv1/v2,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)邊界都會(huì)發(fā)生自動(dòng)匯總,匯總到其主類網(wǎng)絡(luò)的默認(rèn)路由長度。
A:5.0.0.0/8B:128.5.0.0/16C:192.5.5.0/24
實(shí)驗(yàn)舉例:【R1/R2/R3都啟用RIPv2,啟用自動(dòng)匯總】
R2在網(wǎng)絡(luò)23.0.0.0和192.168.12.0的邊界上,進(jìn)行自動(dòng)匯總
*Mar105:04:37.238:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar105:04:37.242:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar105:04:37.242:2.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar105:04:37.246:3.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar105:04:37.246:23.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0
RIPv2可以關(guān)閉自動(dòng)匯總R2#
routerrip
noauto-summary
R3上,就有了明細(xì)路由
手工匯總
在需要進(jìn)行路由匯總的出接口:
R3(config-if)#ipsummary-addressrip172.168.0.0255.255.192.0
對(duì)比:RIP與EIGRP的匯總
R3(config-if)#IPsummary-addressrip172.168.0.0255.255.192.0R172.168.0.0/18
在運(yùn)行RIP的接口中進(jìn)行手工匯總,把匯總后的結(jié)果從接口通告出去
R1(config-if)#ipsummary-addresseigrp90172.16.0.0255.255.248.0在運(yùn)行EIGRP的接口中進(jìn)行手工匯總,把匯總后的結(jié)果從接口通告出去
實(shí)驗(yàn)舉例:
【R1/R2/R3都啟用RIPv2,R1關(guān)閉自動(dòng)匯總,r2/r3啟用自動(dòng)匯總,在R1的S1/1手工匯總】R1配置如下:
interfaceSerial1/1
ipaddress192.168.12.1255.255.255.0
ipsummary-addressrip1.1.0.0255.255.252.0
R1的debug信息如下:
*Mar105:32:31.886:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.1)*Mar105:32:31.890:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar105:32:31.890:1.1.0.0/22via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar105:32:31.894:1.1.4.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar105:32:31.894:1.1.5.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0
R1路由表如下:
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,5subnets
C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0C1.1.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback2C1.1.3.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback3C1.1.4.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback4C1.1.5.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback5
R2.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:09,Serial1/1R3.0.0.0/8[120/2]via192.168.12.2,00:00:09,Serial1/1R23.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:09,Serial1/1
R2路由表如下:
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/8isvariablysubnetted,4subnets,3masks
R1.1.0.0/22[120/1]via192.168.12.1,00:00:13,Serial1/1R1.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.12.1,00:01:39,Serial1/1R1.1.4.0/24[120/1]via192.168.12.1,00:00:13,Serial1/1R1.1.5.0/24[120/1]via192.168.12.1,00:00:13,Serial1/12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C2.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0R3.0.0.0/8[120/1]via23.1.1.3,00:00:08,Serial1/323.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C23.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/3
10.RIP的單播更新:(Unicast-Update)/被動(dòng)接口(適用于物理鏈路上,無法支持廣播/組播流量的情況)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~被動(dòng)接口(只接收不發(fā)送):
讓需要進(jìn)行單播更新的接口,不再發(fā)送廣播/組播的路由更新信息.1-1:需要PASS的接口很少時(shí):
R2(config-router)#passive-interfaceserial0(讓特定一個(gè)接口不再發(fā)送廣播/組播的路由更新.)
1-2:需要pass的接口很多時(shí):
R1(config-router)#passive-interfacedefault
(讓所有接口都不發(fā)送廣播/組播的路由更新.=(passiveallinterface)
R1(config-router)#nopassive-interfaceserial0(單獨(dú)讓一個(gè)接口可以發(fā)送廣播/組播更新)
讓已經(jīng)Pass的接口,發(fā)送單播的路由更新.R1(config-router)#neighbor12.0.0.2
R2(config-router)#neighbor12.0.0.1(對(duì)方的IP)
debugiprip(察看RIP路由的收發(fā)情況)
實(shí)驗(yàn)舉例:
r2(config)#routerrip
r2(config-router)#passive-interfaceserial1/3
*Mar107:45:24.074:RIP:receivedv2updatefrom23.1.1.3onSerial1/3*Mar107:45:24.078:3.3.3.0/24via0.0.0.0in1hops
*Mar107:45:26.082:RIP:sendingv2flashupdateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar107:45:26.082:RIP:buildflashupdateentries
*Mar107:45:26.082:3.3.3.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0
*Mar107:45:26.082:RIP:sendingv2flashupdateto224.0.0.9viaLoopback0(2.2.2.2)*Mar107:45:26.082:RIP:buildflashupdateentries
*Mar107:45:26.082:3.3.3.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0
*Mar107:45:26.086:RIP:ignoredv2packetfrom2.2.2.2(sourcedfromoneofouraddresses)*Mar107:45:26.282:RIP:receivedv2updatefrom192.168.12.1onSerial1/1*Mar107:45:26.286:1.1.0.0/22via0.0.0.0in1hops*Mar107:45:26.290:1.1.4.0/24via0.0.0.0in1hops*Mar107:45:26.290:1.1.5.0/24via0.0.0.0in1hops
*Mar107:45:28.290:RIP:sendingv2flashupdateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar107:45:28.290:RIP:buildflashupdateentries-suppressingnullupdate*Mar107:45:28.294:RIP:sendingv2flashupdateto224.0.0.9viaLoopback0(2.2.2.2)*Mar107:45:28.298:RIP:buildflashupdateentries
*Mar107:45:28.298:1.1.0.0/22via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:28.298:1.1.4.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:28.302:1.1.5.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0
*Mar107:45:28.310:RIP:ignoredv2packetfrom2.2.2.2(sourcedfromoneofouraddresses)*Mar107:45:49.066:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/1(192.168.12.2)*Mar107:45:49.066:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar107:45:49.066:2.2.2.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:3.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:3.3.3.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:23.1.1.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0
*Mar107:45:49.066:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaLoopback0(2.2.2.2)*Mar107:45:49.066:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar107:45:49.066:1.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:1.1.0.0/22via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0
*Mar107:45:49.066:1.1.4.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:1.1.5.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:3.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:3.3.3.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:23.1.1.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar107:45:49.066:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0
*Mar107:45:49.066:RIP:ignoredv2packetfrom2.2.2.2(sourcedfromoneofouraddresses)*Mar107:45:50.742:RIP:receivedv2updatefrom23.1.1.3onSerial1/3*Mar107:45:50.746:3.3.3.0/24via0.0.0.0in1hops
r2(config-router)#neighbor23.1.1.3
*Mar107:46:42.674:RIP:sendingv2updateto23.1.1.3viaSerial1/3(23.1.1.2)*Mar107:46:42.674:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar107:46:42.674:1.0.0.0/8via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:46:42.674:1.1.0.0/22via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:46:42.674:1.1.4.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:46:42.674:1.1.5.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar107:46:42.674:2.2.2.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar107:46:42.674:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0
11.RIP的觸發(fā)更新
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~注意:
1,觸發(fā)更新只能配置在串口下R3(config)#ints1/3
R3(config-if)#ipriptriggered
2.配置上觸發(fā)更新后,holddowntimer標(biāo)志為0,表示永不超時(shí),路由永不被刪除Router#shipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"rip"
Sendingupdatesevery30seconds,nextduein17secondsInvalidafter180seconds,holddown0,flushedafter240………………
RoutingforNetworks:192.168.23.0
RoutingInformationSources:
GatewayDistanceLastUpdate192.168.23.21201*:09:06Distance:(defaultis120)
3.啟用觸發(fā)更新,鏈路兩邊路由器都要配置觸發(fā)更新;因?yàn)檫@個(gè)需要協(xié)商,否則有問題R2(config)#ints1/3
R2(config-if)#ipriptriggeredR3(config)#ints1/3
R3(config-if)#ipriptriggered
194.啟用觸發(fā)更后,路由更新時(shí)是增量更新,只從啟用了觸發(fā)更新的接口,發(fā)送一次。R3(config)#intlo2
R3(config-if)#ipadd33.33.33.0
r3(config)#routerrip
r3(config-router)#net33.0.0.0r3(config-router)#
*Mar100:15:49.947:RIP:sendingrequestonLoopback2to255.255.255.255*Mar100:15:51.947:RIP:sendv1triggeredupdateto192.168.23.2onSerial1/3*Mar100:15:51.947:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar100:15:51.947:route8:network33.0.0.0metric1
*Mar100:15:51.947:RIP:Updatecontains1routes,start8,end8*Mar100:15:51.947:RIP:startretransmittimerof192.168.23.2
*Mar100:15:51.951:RIP:sendingv1flashupdateto255.255.255.255viaLoopback2(33.33.33.3)
*Mar100:15:51.951:RIP:buildflashupdateentries-suppressingnullupdate*Mar100:15:52.071:RIP:receivedv1triggeredackfrom192.168.23.2onSerial1/3
12.RIPauthentication/RIP認(rèn)證
(保證RIP路由網(wǎng)絡(luò),路由信息交換的安全性)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~明文認(rèn)證原則:
1.只發(fā)送最小keyid2.不攜帶keyid
3.接收方會(huì)自己的所有密匙進(jìn)行比較,如果相同的密匙,則接受路由
密文認(rèn)證原則:
1.只發(fā)送最小的keyid2.攜帶keyid,
3.接收方對(duì)比收到的keyid
1)有相同的keyid,比較看密鑰是否相同,相同則接受對(duì)方的路由,不同則不接受2)沒有相同keyid,只往下比較一次,相同則接受對(duì)方的路由,不同則不接受
總結(jié):rip的路由要分開考慮,我發(fā)送出去的密鑰如果對(duì)方認(rèn)證通過,那么對(duì)方就給我發(fā)送路由。所以會(huì)有單邊路由的情況。
Step1:在全局模式,配置KEY-CHAIN:
R1/2/3(config)#keychainccnp(自定義的名稱)
R1/2/3(config-keychain)#key1(若有多個(gè)值/1、2、3,默認(rèn)發(fā)最小的那個(gè))R1/2/3(config-keychain-key)#key-stringcisco(密碼)
step2:在接口中,調(diào)用keychain:
R1/R2(config-if)#ipripauthenticationkey-chainCCNP
Step3:在接口中,選擇認(rèn)證類型:(明文/密文),默認(rèn)明文,認(rèn)證方式兩邊必須一樣R1/2(config-if)#ipripauthenticationmodetext(明文)R1/2(config-if)#ipripauthenticationmodemd5(密文)
13.Offset-list/偏置列表,實(shí)現(xiàn)RIP路由的控制~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~RIP的等價(jià)的負(fù)載均衡:
實(shí)驗(yàn)拓?fù)洌?/p>
R6(1/3)(1/3)R1(s1/1)--192.168.12.0/24--(1/1)R2(1/3)--192.168.23.0/24---(S1/3)R3|(F0/0)-----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------(F0/0)|Lo1Lo33
要點(diǎn)提示:
通過offset-list,實(shí)現(xiàn)RIP中的不等價(jià)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)渲械?等價(jià)負(fù)載均衡默認(rèn):RIP不支持非等價(jià)負(fù)載均衡
Offset-list出方向的路由控制(出口的偏置,只影響下游路由器,不影響本機(jī))R1配置
access-list10permit33.33.33.00.0.0.255//通過ACL定義需要控制的路由routerrip
offset-list10out4Serial1/3
r1#shipripdatabase1.0.0.0/8auto-summary
1.1.1.0/24directlyconnected,Loopback133.0.0.0/8auto-summary33.33.33.0/24
[1]via192.168.13.3,00:00:02,FastEthernet0/0192.168.12.0/24auto-summary
192.168.12.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/1192.168.13.0/24auto-summary
192.168.13.0/24directlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0192.168.16.0/24auto-summary
192.168.16.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/3192.168.23.0/24auto-summary192.168.23.0/24
[1]via192.168.13.3,00:00:02,FastEthernet0/0[1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:21,Serial1/1
R6#shipripdatabase1.0.0.0/8auto-summary
1.1.1.0/24
[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:01,Serial1/333.0.0.0/8auto-summary33.33.33.0/24
[6]via192.168.16.1,00:00:01,Serial1/3192.168.12.0/24auto-summary192.168.12.0/24
[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:01,Serial1/3192.168.13.0/24auto-summary192.168.13.0/24
[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:01,Serial1/3192.168.16.0/24auto-summary
192.168.16.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/3192.168.23.0/24auto-summary192.168.23.0/24
[2]via192.168.16.1,00:00:01,Serial1/3
出口的偏置,只影響下游路由器,不影響本機(jī);R1的debug輸出結(jié)果
*Mar103:05:35.771:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/3(192.168.16.1)
*Mar103:05:35.771:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar103:05:35.775:1.1.1.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:33.33.33.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric6,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.13.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0
*Mar103:05:35.775:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaLoopback1(1.1.1.1)
*Mar103:05:35.775:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar103:05:35.775:33.33.33.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.13.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.16.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar103:05:35.775:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0
Offset-list入方向的路由控制(入口的偏置,本機(jī)和下游路由器都受影響)R1配置
access-list10permit33.33.33.00.0.0.255//通過ACL定義需要控制的路由routerrip
offset-list10in2FastEthernet0/0offset-list10in1Serial1/1
正常情況下R1的rip路由信息數(shù)據(jù)庫r1#shipripdatabase
1.0.0.0/8auto-summary
1.1.1.0/24directlyconnected,Loopback133.0.0.0/8auto-summary33.33.33.0/24
[3]via192.168.12.2,00:00:15,Serial1/1
[3]via192.168.13.3,00:00:00,FastEthernet0/0192.168.12.0/24auto-summary
192.168.12.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/1192.168.13.0/24auto-summary
192.168.13.0/24directlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0192.168.16.0/24auto-summary
192.168.16.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/3192.168.23.0/24auto-summary192.168.23.0/24
[1]via192.168.13.3,00:00:00,FastEthernet0/0[1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:15,Serial1/1
影響下游路由器和本機(jī),R1的debug輸出信息如下:
*Mar102:18:55.195:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaSerial1/3(192.168.16.1)*Mar102:18:55.199:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar102:18:55.199:1.1.1.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar102:18:55.203:33.33.33.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric4,tag0*Mar102:18:55.203:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar102:18:55.207:192.168.13.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar102:18:55.207:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0
*Mar102:18:55.211:RIP:sendingv2updateto224.0.0.9viaLoopback1(1.1.1.1)*Mar102:18:55.211:RIP:buildupdateentries
*Mar102:18:55.215:33.33.33.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric4,tag0*Mar102:18:55.215:192.168.12.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar102:18:55.219:192.168.13.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar102:18:55.219:192.168.16.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric1,tag0*Mar102:18:55.223:192.168.23.0/24via0.0.0.0,metric2,tag0正常情況下R6的rip路由信息數(shù)據(jù)庫Router#shipripdatabase1.0.0.0/8auto-summary1.1.1.0/24
[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:22,Serial1/333.0.0.0/8auto-summary33.33.33.0/24
[2]via192.168.16.1,00:00:22,Serial1/3192.168.12.0/24auto-summary192.168.12.0/24
[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:22,Serial1/3192.168.13.0/24auto-summary192.168.13.0/24
[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:22,Serial1/3192.168.16.0/24auto-summary
192.168.16.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/3192.168.23.0/24auto-summary192.168.23.0/24
[2]via192.168.16.1,00:00:22,Serial1/3
影響下游路由器,查看R6的rip路由信息數(shù)據(jù)庫R6#shipripdatabase
1.0.0.0/8auto-summary1.1.1.0/24
[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:11,Serial1/333.0.0.0/8auto-summary33.33.33.0/24
[4]via192.168.16.1,00:00:11,Serial1/3192.168.12.0/24auto-summary192.168.12.0/24
[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:11,Serial1/3192.168.13.0/24auto-summary192.168.13.0/24
[1]via192.168.16.1,00:00:11,Serial1/3192.168.16.0/24auto-summary
192.168.16.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/3192.168.23.0/24auto-summary192.168.23.0/24
[2]via192.168.16.1,00:00:11,Serial1/3
14.RIP傳遞默認(rèn)路由的5種方法
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
拓?fù)洌?/p>
|----------------------RIP------------|--------ISP網(wǎng)絡(luò)------------------||
Lo1--R1(s1/1)--192.168.12.0/24---(s1/1)R2(s1/3)--192.168.23.0/24---(S1/3)R3||在一個(gè)單出口網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部運(yùn)行RIP協(xié)議,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)出口處的路由器需要向RIP域內(nèi)傳播一條默認(rèn)路由,這樣,域內(nèi)的路由器就可以通過默認(rèn)路由訪問外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
通過RIP傳遞默認(rèn)路由共有5種方法:
1.使用default-informationoriginate;配置動(dòng)態(tài)路由協(xié)議,向區(qū)域內(nèi)產(chǎn)生一條缺省路由
2.手工寫一條默認(rèn)路由(到NULL0)然后重分布到RIP中;3.手工寫一條默認(rèn)路由(到NULL0)在進(jìn)程中宣告;4.使用ipdefault-network;
配置路由器的缺省網(wǎng)關(guān),當(dāng)關(guān)閉路由器的路由轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能時(shí),此網(wǎng)關(guān)做為對(duì)外通信的缺省網(wǎng)關(guān);
1)ipdefault-network后要跟地址的主類網(wǎng)絡(luò)2)要在進(jìn)程中通告該網(wǎng)絡(luò)3)確保本地有該條路由
5.在接口匯總0.0.0.0/0到NULL0的路由【要在版本2下】
在R1/R2啟用RIP協(xié)議,R2的S1/3到R3的S1/3模擬成ISP網(wǎng)絡(luò)
【路由器基本配置】R1
interfaceLoopback1
ipaddress1.1.1.1255.255.255.0interfaceSerial1/1
ipaddress192.168.12.1255.255.255.0routerripversion2
network1.0.0.0
network192.168.12.0noauto-summary
------------------R2
interfaceLoopback2
ipaddress2.2.2.2255.255.255.0interfaceSerial1/3
ipaddress192.168.23.2255.255.255.0clockrate56000interfaceSerial1/1
ipaddress192.168.12.2255.255.255.0clockrate56000
routerripversion2
network2.0.0.0
network192.168.12.0noauto-summary
iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0Serial0
------------------R3
interfaceLoopback3
ipaddress3.3.3.3255.255.255.0interfaceSerial1/3
ipaddress192.168.23.3255.255.255.0iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0192.168.23.2
在沒傳遞默認(rèn)路由前的路由表:r1#shiproute
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback1
r2#shiproute
Gatewayoflastresortis0.0.0.0tonetwork0.0.0.0
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
R1.1.1.0[120/1]via192.168.12.1,00:00:05,Serial1/12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C2.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback2C192.168.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/3S*0.0.0.0/0isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/3
r3#shiproute
3.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C3.3.3.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback3C192.168.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/3S*0.0.0.0/0[1/0]via192.168.23.2
方法1:default-informationoriginateR2:routerripversion2
network192.168.12.0
default-informationoriginatenoauto-summary
Router#shiproute
Codes:C-connected,S-static,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPC192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
R2.2.2.0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:06,Serial1/1R*0.0.0.0/0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:06,Serial1/
方法2:默認(rèn)路由重分布到RIP中r2(config)#routerrip
r2(config-router)#redistributestaticmetric2
r2(config)#iproute0.0.0.00.0.0.0Serial0(必須是出接口,否則不傳遞默認(rèn)路由)r1#shiproute
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
R2.2.2.0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:00,Serial1/1R*0.0.0.0/0[120/2]via192.168.12.2,00:00:00,Serial1/1
r1#ping3.3.3.3
Typeescapesequencetoabort.
Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto3.3.3.3,timeoutis2seconds:!!!!!
Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=60/97/144ms
方法3:默認(rèn)路由在進(jìn)程中宣告r2(config)#routerrip
r2(config-router)#network0.0.0.0
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
R2.2.2.0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:23,Serial1/1R*0.0.0.0/0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:23,Serial1/1
方法4:使用ipdefault-network
r2(config)#ipdefault-network192.168.23.0
R2:
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
R1.1.1.0[120/1]via192.168.12.1,00:00:21,Serial1/12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C2.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback2C*192.168.23.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/3S*0.0.0.0/0isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/3
R1:
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback12.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
R2.2.2.0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:10,Serial1/1
R192.168.23.0/24[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:10,Serial1/1R*0.0.0.0/0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:10,Serial1/1
方法5:在接口匯總0.0.0.0/0到NULL0的路由【要在版本2下】r2(config)#ints1/1
r2(config-if)#ipsummary-addressrip0.0.0.00.0.0.0r2(config-router)#redistributeconnected
C192.168.12.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial1/11.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C1.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback1
R*0.0.0.0/0[120/1]via192.168.12.2,00:00:11,Serial1/1
R2:
Router#shipripdatabase0.0.0.0/0int-summary1.0.0.0/8auto-summary1.1.1.0/24
[1]via192.168.12.1,00:00:08,Serial1/12.0.0.0/8auto-summary
2.2.2.0/24directlyconnected,Loopback2192.168.12.0/24auto-summary
192.168.12.0/24directlyconnected,Serial1/1192.168.23.0/24auto-summary192.168.23.0/24redistributed[1]via0.0.0.0,Router#
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