ƹI(y)I(y)Փķ_I(y)Փ ĺ飺
ƹI(y)I(y)Փķ_I(y)Փ[ժҪ]I(y)ָڱض(jng)(j)l½(jng)^`(gu)ɵIJwɆTѭһJ(rn)Rrֵ^I(y)ОҎ(gu)ԭtĿ(schein,1984)һI(y)һչ_M(jn)И(gu)ɵԃrֵĵһkʽI(y)c
ƹI(y)I(y)Փķ_I(y)Փ ă(ni)ݣ
ƹI(y)I(y)Փ_I(y)Փ
[ժҪ]
I(y)ָڱض(jng)(j)l½(jng)^`(gu)ɵIJwɆTѭһJ(rn)Rrֵ^I(y)ОҎ(gu)ԭtĿ(schein,1984)һI(y)һչ_M(jn)И(gu)ɵԃrֵĵһkʽI(y)ck팍`ཻڵĮa(chn)ƷI(y)I(y)ĽKOЧʹI(y)J(rn)R˵͘I(y)(w)ݻĿ^Ҏ(gu)ɸϣwϵ]I(y)չ_M(jn)挦Ć}ĶY(ji)I(y)LrgڡԵvI(y)I(y)ڿ]ôɞһϵꡢôȡþؕr挦n}
[P(gun)I~]I(y);k;(jng)(j)Ч;I(y)^m(x)չ_
kAθI(y)drڇ(ni)ܶI(y)ҺՓȻI(y)J(rn)ϵĺoʹk팦I(y)չ_ĻSЧĶ(do)ºܶI(y)挦oY(ji)^m(x)չ_ĔM҇Q(mo)װ֮(jng)(j)ĹÆ}ՄһЩ^cĔMI(y)J(rn)RһϵІ}ՄһЩ^c
һ _жcJ(rn)RI(y)
1. ——Vxָǰʷ`M(jn)l(f)|(zh)ؔcؔĿMxָJ(rn)RΑB(ti)Լc֮m(yng)ԭtͰřC(j)(gu)һNǰʷF(xin)ÿc֮m(yng)|(zh)a(chn)չ_չ_J(rn)RΑB(ti)DZضκͽ(jng)(j)ķӳЧc(jng)(j)
2. I(y)——³a(chn)\IԻӵĪĽ(jng)(j)λ
3.I(y)——Q˾҇ЕrQI(y)һָI(y)Lrg(gu)ɵһؓ(f)Ӄrֵ^L(fng)(x)TОҎ(gu)ĿQI(y)\IkM(jn)аl(f)ľбI(y)ɫľؔĿI(y)ɆTиܰѺܶ˵dȤDԼɴ˰l(f)ОһI(y)LrgO(sh)ķӳ(ni)ݴw֞飺ل(wDŽ);ڳa(chn)(wkˆT);\I(wǛQߌ)
4. I(y)J(rn)R
I(y)I(y)k֮ߵһ˂P(gun)I(y)kI(y)J(rn)Rһǰʷչ_M(jn)Խ(jng)(j)ĸِ⡢^ĸ׃?yu)鲼ȻI(y)I(y)kΨԽfԽfչ_Įa(chn)Ʒ
f“I(y)”fı;SԡԺͲ_]I(y)ǿ]δչ_ôY(ji)I(y)ѭh(hun)ʹxԼch(hun)Ի(jng)^]I(y)^m(x)ҕI(y)ڵĭh(hun)еYԴļٶxõ˼SО鷽ڿ^h(hun)l(f)׃֮ǰ(yng){(dio)P(gun)I(y)(w)ЄeٶصxD(zhun)Q˼SО鷽ʹI(y)m(yng)׃ĭh(hun)Y(ji)I(y)^m(x)չ_
I(y)ɫ
I(y)һ㶼¹ԣ
1. һ
I(y)l(f)ڲͬI(y)ÿI(y)һՇI(y)\IԼI(y)(gu)ɵărֵ^(gu)ɵI(y)ҲǸͬɫ
2. D
I(y)rDoo@I(y)KO߷(w)Ωeox@һI(y)cԓI(y)Ӌչ_ͬ;I(y)Ę(gu)c`wԓI(y)ЛQߵ(do)ԶҊռкܸߵĵλcI(y)ӯԳ̶ϢϢP(gun)I(y)չ_I(y)o֮vʹĸɔ_Ӱ푣Ҳ]̫̈
3.y
I(y)ǞԓI(y)(ni)ɆTJ(rn)ͬIJÁ³ɆTһ׃rֵwϵ(һJ(rn)Rrֵ^I(y)ОҎ(gu)ԭtȡ) I(y)(yu)I(y)ܱI(y)ɆTJ(rn)ͬһ׃rֵwϵܘOĴM(jn)I(y)չ_ضܱI(y)ɆTJ(rn)ͬҲضmI(y)I(y)δM(jn)Ч
4.^(q)
ÿһᘌİl(f)ߺͱʩߣʹ÷ָԓN“^(q)”ԷN岻ͬ綨I(y)tԼČָǷNl(f)I(y)cI(y)mȻcЏV(lin)ϵHӋʹI(y)@Ӆ^(q)gI(y)һЃ(ni)ݶx_I(y)@w
F(xin)I(y)չ_ִʹ̈l(f)ˬF(xin)I(y)еһЩ
1.
ҪI(y)ÿһλҪ˽I(y)ڄҵِ̈“˟o҃(yu)˃(yu)D(zhun)”“Ft׃׃tͨ
”ΑҎ(gu)ĔMI(y)Lrgչ_(zhn)̈λȠINӋYԴҎ(gu)Ԕ(x)ʩеÿһh(hun)(ji)жҪJ(rn)RMxב(yng)׃
2.
F(xin)I(y)ِʽĐԸِD(zhun)ȸِօf(xi)ʽ“”(lin)ϵҪI(y)횲ཻڶԪ@NڶԪĻͬļʹI(y)ͻƿ̈gY(ji)(gu)Y(ji)(yu)ݻa(b)YԴؽM“pA”“A”
3. ̓M
̓MҪ֮һI(y)ĸNYԴoؔռķ~ԽԽؔ̓MʹI(y)\зC`ԡf(xi)ͬٷ(yng)ЧݔɫI(y)ܶؔ
I(y)Ч
1.`Ч
I(y)I(y)_ķЩI(y)Lh(yun)չ_IJԓО飬l(f)]һN“ܛ`”ЧI(y)o“”á`ЧM(jn)XSԺ`ʹI(y)xͷM(jn)؟(z)θкʹ 1995lg()˾֮փ(ni)I(y)̼f(xi)oF(xin)ɵķʽڳa(chn)\IM(jn)аl(f)˺ܶ}
˾փHԼĘI(y)(w)MҎ(gu)ԭtoa(chn)֧ԮI(y)ȱSӵJ(rn)R\Ia(chn)Ʒ|(zh)kȱĸᘌ@Nr˾չ_“a(chn)ڰ”superaӡ@һӞY(ji)˾kˮƽa(chn)Чʡa(chn)ƷƷ|(zh)M(jn)˽ܳؕI(xin)
2. (do)Ч
I(y)wһărֵ^wһN(ni)ڵ̖(do)wт˵ߺͱؓ(f)˩I(y)ͬһߺһһķMoaСZɷ˾1989ꡫ1999B10걣I(y)̈ռʵһЧ(ni)ԭI(y)־õԓF(tun)ʩ“^YҪ”ķʽԞ^ǰl(f)a(chn)ԴȪ;̈ĸ׃չ_ԓI(y)\Iн؞ҕΣC(j)n“ĩ^”˞鱾“c˲^”MJ(rn)ɞߵ“̈cِ”^
3.ĄЧ
ĄһN͠B(ti)I(y)(gu)ɵI(y)(ni)Շ̓rֵ(do)ĄЧĻSԺͰl(f){(dio)cl(f)˂ĝǻTl(f)ʹIJܵõְl(f)]M(jn)ֺkܺ\I I(y)(qing)Ęsuк؟(z)θXؾSo(h)I(y)uĄӱM؞I(y)I(y)
4. Ч
I(y)I(y)ճτooճϡ(lin)һʹDCһ¡I(y)ĸI(y)ĵI(y)ĵx_ͿI(y)ͽ^(sh)һһF(tun)wcpAڴ˸I(y)ͿԘ(gu)ɏ(qing)ѵtԒI(y)Ę(gu)ֻһN
I(y)չ_cʩ
I(y)Ҏ(gu)չ_I(y)O(sh)ǰI(y)O(sh)ɏĂAչ_ʩ
һAΣAΣřC(j)(gu)———䌍
(1)˾I(y)ίT,ɹ˾һίTΡ
(2)O(sh)˾I(y)I(y)СM,ֳܲ{(dio)ˆTMI(y)
(3)ƸI(y)ҽMo(do)˾I(y)̡
ڶAΣA(y)———˼S䌍
(1)ʩI(y)ԭ
(2)ʩI(y)IJ
(3)ʩI(y)ּD
AΣʩA
(1)Ԕ(x)ʩ\ķʽBI(y)͌W(xu)(x)ͰŵP(gun)֪Rչ_˾չ_wcǰ;ĴuՓ
(2)I(y)͌W(xu)(x)ͰŌ(do)ߡ
(3)I(y)̺͌W(xu)(x)ͰŌ(do)ķʩI(y)Ӵε˼SͨY(ji)
AΣzʩAκͲ©
(1)MI(y)̵ĽڡںLrg˾ؔ|(zh)ِܡȫI(y)ِI(y)I(y)u
(2)zʩI(y)(do)ĵȴЧY(ji)r
I(y)I(y)О˼·(lin)ϵ(yu)Y(ji)(gu)סC(j)ӭ(zhn)
(3)փԂò;
(4)I(y)(j)I(y)Ԕ(x)rMһAεI(y)ĿcM(jn)չ;ԃһвM(jn)y(tng)Ӌ;I(y)I\B(ti)cF(xin)Cu
҇I(y)չ_дڵĆ}c^c
(1) ҇I(y)еĆ}
1.ҕI(y)ķʽI(y)ă(ni)
҇I(y)O(sh)M(jn)ܳĆ}äĿI(y)ķʽI(y)ă(ni)(j)I(y)۵ü.ɳֵČӴI(y)ĵǵӼٶǃrֵٴОҎ(gu)О鷽ӵIJI(y)ĸNF(xin)N̖Ӣӵȡɴ˿ҊI(y)ӺI(y)ciO(sh)ӋI(y)ӵıF(xin)
2.I(y)ҕy(tng)I(y)kеֱ\
@N^cԞI(y)kI(y)ЩI(y)Ԟ鑪(yng)ԓҌW(xu)fkI(y)߀ЩI(y)Ԟ鑪(yng)ԓӌW(xu)fkI(y)҇Ăy(tng)˼SгMc˼q^ҷԴ}P(gun)IôÂy(tng)ծ(dng)˵˼ݸ׃̈{(dio)҇I(y)Ą@ҵǡ(dng)?sh)cҜ(zhn)SԔ(x)(lin)ϵҪ^(q)ւy(tng)еĻSغOܺԶ֮I(y)njpķՇrֵȥkI(y)I(y)l(f)rֵ
3.I(y)ͬI(y)ʹI(y)ÓxI(y)k
ЩI(y)ԞI(y)Ҫ̮I(y)I(y)ʥ(jng)cI(y)k]ж(lin)ϵ@N˽ǺƬI(y)\II(y)ărֵ^؞I(y)\IӺI(y)kÿһh(hun)(ji)M(jn)еcI(y)h(hun)׃m(yng)ģÓxI(y)k
(2)ʩM(jn)еһЩҪ
1. I(y)O(sh)(yng)căɂO(sh)m(yng)ÓxHy(bio)Z I(y)Ӌh(hun)֮,(jng)(j)wƸĸwƸĸĻSӰκI(y)\Iչ_ߡCwϵܳԽh(hun)ӋI(y)ֻڪoİ_@F(xin)ԼIJA
2. I(y)O(sh)ҪעȺVQٔ(sh)˵ I(y)I(y)һrֵ^Ę(gu)c(do)µһОЧwڌ`һl(f)wձ@wĚgӭͽӼ{
3. .סI(y)̎ÇҡI(y)(lin)ϵκΨ|(zh)̼ăAȱc I(y)cI(y)_rֵ^Ę(gu)fʽ_(do)QǺf̶Ч˼Sˮƽrֵ^|(zh)(jng)v醚vӰ푵IJͬ@ČӴβ(do)ͬӴεărֵ^I(y)(ni)^
4. Ҫ_̎I(y)c(lin)ϵI(y)ڿ̮ԼI(y)_I(y)\IrضҪ׃څݣڮa(chn)Ʒ߶λI(y)\I®a(chn)Ʒӑc_l(f)(yng){(dio)ʹa(chn)Ʒ\I֮gl(f)Ccڴ˸ϣI(y)oľͲֻһNa(chn)ƷһN
5. I(y)İʩУP(gun)IڰI(lng)(do)ʩM(jn)УҪcӑԔ(x)ȥؕrؙz鶽١F(xin)I(y)ɹӲǰӋ(ҪԔ(x))вӋM(jn)лӣҪǶӵȫM(jn)ڌ`вY(ji)M(jn)Ҳஔ(dng)I(y)Ч@}Л]ӑͲP(gun)IǡǡI(lng)(do)@I(y)ľֻǷӑͲ˽Y(ji)]ȥץ䌍]ץץo
Փ
CI(y)һN(qing)ѵЩ|(zh)YԴҲSɺΩϢI(y)һNoεija(chn)һNڵija(chn)oεؔؔI(y)OĴM(jn)I(y)չ_ֻҪI(y)I(y)ĻCa(b)M(jn)ʹͬ\O(sh)һ׃(yu)I(y)ضI(y)Lh(yun)չ_SɹЧ
īI(xin)
1. Y (dng)I(y)(do)Փ ϳ 2000
2. ꐴ I(y)k AW(xu)2014.5
3. ֣[Ҏ(gu)أI(y)еČڌ֡A2014
4. cI(y)k2014
5. ƼtI(y)҇r(jng)(j)2014
ƹI(y)I(y)Փķ_I(y)Փ P(gun)I~I(y)ՓI(y)I(y)Փķ
ƹI(y)I(y)Փķ_I(y)ՓԴW(wng)j(lu)
؟(z)ăHތW(xu)(x)a(chn)(qun)}Ո(lin)ϵ҂rh
ԴW(wng)j(lu) ؟(z)ăHތW(xu)(x)a(chn)(qun)}Ո(lin)ϵ҂rh