初一英語動詞搭配及重點總結(jié)
初一英語(下):動詞搭配及重點總結(jié)
撰寫:賈巍審校:李偉清責(zé)編:牛新閣知識講解:
由動詞開頭構(gòu)成的短語、詞組很多。復(fù)習(xí)時應(yīng)分類處理:一、動詞+介詞
1.lookat看,looklike看上去像,lookafter照料2.listento聽
3.welcometo歡迎到4.sayhelloto向問好5.speakto對說話
此類短語相當(dāng)于及物動詞,其后必須帶賓語,但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞,都要放在介詞之后。
二、動詞+副詞
“動詞+副詞”所構(gòu)成的短語義分為兩類:A.動詞(vt.)+副詞
1.puton穿上2.takeoff脫下3.writedown記下
此類短語可以帶賓語,賓語若是名詞,放在副詞前后皆可;賓語若是人稱代詞,只能放在副詞的前面。
B.動詞(vi)+副詞。
1.comeon趕快2.getup起床3.gohome回家4.comein進(jìn)來5.sitdown坐下6.standup起立此類短語屬于不及物動詞,不可以帶賓語。
介詞短語聚焦
“介詞+名詞/代詞”所構(gòu)成的短語稱為介詞短語。
1.in+語言/顏色/衣帽等,表示使用某種語言或穿著。
2.in+Row/Team/Class/Grade等,表示“在排/隊/班級/年級”等。
3.inthemorning/afternoon/evening/表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段時間。4.inthedesk/pencil-box/bedroom等表示“在書桌/鉛筆盒/臥室里”。5.inthetree表示“在樹上(非樹本身所有)”;onthetree表示“在樹上(為樹本身所有)”。6.inthewall表示“在墻上(凹陷進(jìn)去)”;onthewall表示“在墻上(指墻的表面)”。7.a(chǎn)twork(在工作)/atschool(上學(xué))/athome(在家)應(yīng)注意此類短語中無the。8.a(chǎn)t+時刻表示鐘點。
9.likethis/that表示方式,意為“像這/那樣”。10.of短語表示所屬關(guān)系。
11.behind/beside/near/under+名詞等,表示方位、處所。12.from與to多表示方向,前者意為“從”,后者意為“到”。
另外,以下這些短語也必須掌握。如:onduty,afterbreakfast,atnight,atthedoor,inthemiddle,inthesky,onone’sbike等。
重點句型大回放
1.Ithink意為“我認(rèn)為”,是對某人或某事的看法或態(tài)度的一種句型。其否定式常用Idon’tthink.2.givesth.tosb./givesb.sth.意為“把給”,動詞give之后可接雙賓語,可用這兩
種句型;若指物的賓語是人稱代詞時,則只能用giveit/themtosb.3.takesb./sth.to意為“把(送)帶到”,后常接地點,也可接人。4.One,theother/Oneisandoneis意為“一個是;另一個是”,必須是兩者中。
5.Letsb.dosth.意為“讓某人做某事”,人后應(yīng)用不帶to的動詞不定式,其否定式為Don’tlet
sb,dosth.,或Letsb.notdosth.另外,Let’s與Letus的含義不完全相同,前者包括聽者
在內(nèi),后者不包括聽者在內(nèi)。
6.helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.意為“幫助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作賓補(bǔ),后
者用介詞短語作賓補(bǔ),二者可以互換。7.Whatabout?/Howabout?意為“怎么樣?”是用來詢問或征求對方的觀點、意見、看法
等。about為介詞,其后須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。8.It’stimetodo/It’stimeforsth.意為“該做的時間了”,其中to后須接原形動
詞,for后可接名詞或V-ing形式。
9.liketodosth./likedoingsth.意為“喜歡做某事”,前一種句型側(cè)重具體的一次性的動作;
后一種句型側(cè)重習(xí)慣性的動作。
10.a(chǎn)sksb.(not)todosth.意為“讓某人(不要)做某事”,其中asksb.后應(yīng)接動詞不定式。11.showsb.sth./showsth.todo.意為“把某物給某人看”,該句型的用法同前面第2點。
12.introducesb.tosb.意為“把某人介紹給另一人”;introducetosb.則是“向某人作介紹”。
重溫重點句型
1.So+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語.前面陳述的肯定情況也適于另一人(物)時,常用到這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示“另一人(物)也如此!鼻懊骊愂龅姆穸ㄇ闆r也適于另一人(物)時,常用“Neither/Nor+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語.”這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。注意:“So+主語+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞.”這一句型常用于表示贊同,進(jìn)一步肯定對方的看法,表示“的確如此!薄笆茄健!
2.Turnright/leftatthefirst/second/crossing.這一指路的句型意為“在第一/二/個十字路口向右/左拐!毕喈(dāng)于Takethefirst/second/turningontheright/left.
3.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段時間!逼渲械膇t是形式主語,后面的動詞不定式(短語)才是真正的主語。
4.think/find+it+adj.+todosth.
此句型中的it是形式賓語,不可用其它代詞替代,形容詞作賓語的補(bǔ)足語,后面的動詞不定式(短語)才是真正的賓語。
5.What’swrongwith?
此句型相當(dāng)于What’sthematter/troublewith?后跟某物作賓語時,意為“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作賓語時,意為“某人怎么了?”
6.tooto
在sothat復(fù)合句中,that后的句子是否定句時,常與簡單句tooto(太而不能)進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
在sothat復(fù)合句中,that后的句子是肯定句時,常與簡單句enoughto進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
7.Sorrytohearthat.
全句應(yīng)為I’msorrytohearthat.意為“聽到此事我很難過(遺憾)!背S糜趯e人的不幸表示同情、遺憾之意。
重點句型、詞組大盤點
1.SheusedtobeaChineseteacher.她過去是一位漢語老師。
usedto+動詞原形,表示過去經(jīng)常性的動作或存在的狀態(tài),含有現(xiàn)在不再如此之意。搭配:usedtodo的否定式可以是usedn’ttodo或didn’tusetodo.比較:
usedtodosth.過去常做某事
be/getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事beusedtodosth.被用來做某事
2.returnitsoonerorlater.遲早要將它歸還。
(l)soonerorlater意為“遲早”、“早晚”。(2)return此處用作及物動詞,意為“歸還”,相當(dāng)于giveback.拓展:
return還可用作不及物動詞,意為“返回”,相當(dāng)于goback或comeback。3.Nomatterwhattheweatherislike無論天氣nomatterwhat相當(dāng)于whatever,其意為“無論什么”,引導(dǎo)狀語從句。拓展:
類似nomatterwhat的表達(dá)方式還有:nomatterwhen無論什么時候nomatterwhere無論什么地方nomatterwho無論誰
nomatterhow無論怎么樣
4.AyoungmanpractisedspeakingEnglishwithMr.Green.一位年經(jīng)人與格林先生練習(xí)講英語。
practisedoingsth.表示“實踐、練習(xí)(做)某事”。拓展:
practice名詞,“實踐”、“實施”、“練習(xí)”putaplanintopractice實行某計劃
5.Heencouragedeveryonetotakepartinprotectingourlakes,rivers,seasandoceans.他鼓勵大家參加保護(hù)我們的湖泊、河流和海洋的活動。(1)encourage用作動詞,意思是“鼓勵”、“支持”。(2)takepartin“參加”,常表示參加活動。(3)protect是動詞,表示“防御”、“保護(hù)”。搭配:
(1)encouragesb.insth.在某事上鼓勵或支持某人encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵某人干某事
(2)protectsth.fromsth.使某人不受某事侵襲或傷害
6.towarnpeopleaboutsharksinthewater.警告人們當(dāng)心水里的鯊魚。warn用作動詞,意思是“警告”、“警戒”。搭配:
(1)warnsb.+that從句
(2)warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事(3)warnsb.todosth.告誡某人做某事
(4)warnsb.against(doing)sth.告誡某人當(dāng)心某事/不要做某事
練習(xí)題:單項選擇
1.It’simportant_______adancertobehealthy.A.toB.ofC.forD.as
2.What________youneedtobuy?
A.B.doC.doesD.doing
3.Itoftentakes________hourtocook.
A.anB.theC.aD.
4.Weallworeclothes_______differenttimes_______the20th.A.from;inB.to;inC.from;onD.from;at
5.Wereyourparents_______thefashionshowonFriday?A.inB.onC.withD.at
6.Wedidn’tbuy________intheshop.
A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.somethings7.Thepairofnewshoesareverynice.CouldI________?
A.tryonB.tryoutthemC.tryonthemD.trythemon8.Areyougoingtohave_______fruit?Yes,please.
A.anyB.takeC.someD.lost9.Howmuchdoyou_______foryournewshoes?A.payB.takeC.cost10.NowI’m________myturn.
A.waitforB.waitingfor
參考答案:
1-5CBAAD6-10CDCAB
D.spend
C.waitingD.waitingto
擴(kuò)展閱讀:初中英語知識點歸納動詞固定搭配
動詞固定搭配
wanttodosth想要做某事Iwanttobeateacher./Hewantstohavemilkforbreakfast.wantsbtodosth想要某人做某事Mymotherwantsmetocleantheroom.wantsth想要某物Iwantanapple.
likedoingsth喜歡做某事Ilikeplayingfootball.
liketodosth喜歡做某事Helikestogoshoppingwithhisfriends.likesth喜歡某物Ilikeapples.
enjoydoingsth喜愛做某事Mybrotherenjoysplayingfootball.enjoysth喜愛/某物Ienjoyedmywintervacation.
havefundoingsth愉快地做某事Ihadgreatfunplayinginthewater.=haveagoodtimedoingsth=Ihadagoodtimeplayinginthewater.=enjoyoneselftodosth=Ienjoyedmyselftoplayinthewater.
letsbdosth讓某人做某事Lucyletsmegoshoppingwithher.
letsbnotdosth讓某人不做某事Mymotherletsmenotplayontheroad.
tellsbtodosth告訴某人去做某事Tomtellsmetoworkhard.
tellsbnottodosth告訴某人不要去做某事Tomtellsmenottoplayeveryday.tellsbaboutsth告訴某人關(guān)于某事Mymathteachertellsusabouttheexam.tellsbsth告訴某人某事Myfriendtoldmethetrafficaccident.
hopetodosth希望去做某事IhopetogotoBeijingonsummervacation.hope+從句希望……Ihopeyouhaveagoodtrip.
It’s+形容詞+ofsbtodosth某人做某事真是太……It’skindofyoutohelpme.
It’s+形容詞+forsbtodosth做某事對某人來說……It’sgoodforyoutohavevegetableseveryday.
beinterestedindoingsth對做某事很感興趣Lucyisinterestedindancing.
beinterestedinsth做某事/某物很感興趣MyparentsareinterestedinBeijingOpera.
befriendlytosb對某人很友好Myclassmatesarefriendlytome.
befriendlywithsb和某人很友好Myclassmatesarefriendlywitheachother.
waitforsb等待某人Jeffoftenwaitsforhissisterafterschool.
can’twaittodosth迫不及待去做某事Summeriscoming,Ican’twaittogotoswim.
workfor為……而工作Doyouwanttoworkforamagazine?workas從事……職業(yè)Myfatherworksasadoctor.
workwith和……一起工作Doyouliketoworkwithotheryoungpeople?
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bebusydoingsth忙于做某事Mymotherisbusydoinghouseworkeveryday.bebusywithsth忙于某事/某物Everystudentisbusywithstudy.
teachsbtodosth教某人做某事MyEnglishteacherteachesmetostudyEnglish.teachsbsth教某人某事/某物MyEnglishteacherteachesmestudy.
thanksfordoingsth感謝你做了某事Thanksforhelpingme.=thankyoufordoingsth=Thankyouforhelpingme.thanksbfordoing感謝某人做了某事ThankTomforhelpingme.thanksbforsth因某事感謝某人=ThankTomforhishelp.
besurprisedtodosth做某事感到驚訝I’msurprisedtohearthenews.besurprisedatsth對某事/某物感到驚訝=I’msurprisedatthenews.
besurprised+that從句對……而驚訝I’msurprisedthathepassedtheexam.
stopdoingsth停止做某事Theteacheriscoming,pleasestoptalking.stoptodosth停下來做某事I’mtired,soIstoptohavearest.
rememberdoingsth記得做過某事Irememberedcleaningtheroom.
remembertodosth記住去做某事Remembertoclosethedoorwhenyouleave.
forgetdoingsth忘記做過某事IforgottellinghimaboutMary.forgettodosth忘記去做某事Iforgettotellyoutoclosethedoor.
wouldliketodosth想要去做某事Iwouldliketohavemilkforbreakfast.wouldlikesbtodosth想要某人做某事Iwouldlikehimtotellmethestory.wouldlikesth想要某物Iwouldlikeanapple.
doingsth做某事怎樣Whataboutgoingtotheparkthisweekend?
Whataboutsth某物/某事怎樣Whataboutacupoftea?=Howabout+代詞……怎樣Whatabouthim?
practicedoingsth練習(xí)做某事Mysisterpracticesplayingthepianoeveryday.practicesth練習(xí)某事=Mysisterpracticesthepianoeveryday.practice+代詞練習(xí)……Practiceitmore.
spend+時/錢(in)doingsth花多少時/錢做某事Ispent2yuanbuyingtheclothes.spend+時/錢onsth花多少時/錢在某物上Ispent2yuanontheclothes.
asksbtodosth叫某人去做某事Mymotheraskmetobuysomevegetablesafterschool.
asksbnottodosth叫某人不要去做某事Theteacherasksthestudentsnottoplayontheroad.asksbaboutsth問某人關(guān)于某事/某物Myfatherasksmeabouttheexam.asksbforsth問/找某人要某物Ioftenaskmyparentsformoney.
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It’stimetodosth該做某事了It’stimetohavedinner.
It’stimeforsbtodosth某人該做某事了It’stimeformetohavedinner.It’stimeforsth某事的時間到了It’timefordinner.
watchsb/sthdoingsth看見某人/某物正在做某事HenryoftenwatchesJimplayingtheballs.watchsb/sthdosth看見某人/某物做過某事Iwatchedhimdohishomework.
suggestdoingsth建議做某事Isuggestgoingtotheparknotthezoo.suggeststh建議某物/某事Hesuggeststheplan.
suggest+從句建議……Isuggestthatweshouldgototheparkthisweekends.
findsb/sthdoingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物正在做某事Ifounditplayingtheball.findsb/sthdosth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物做過某事Ifounditplaytheball.
helpsbdosth幫助某人做某事Heoftenhelpsmedothehousework.helpsbwithsth幫助某人某事Heoftenhelpsmewiththehousework.makesbdosth使/讓某人做某事Itmademefeelhappy.
decidetodosth決定去做某事Wedecidedtogototheparkthisweekend.
decidenottodosth決定不去做某事Wedecidednottogototheparkthisweekend.decidesth決定某物/某事Wedecidedtheplan.
decide+從句決定……Wedecidedthatwewillgototheparkthisweekend.
discusssthwithsb和某人討論某事Ioftendisscussmystudywithmyteacher.discusssth討論某物/某事Weoftendiscussit.
minddoingsth介意做某事Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?mindsth介意某事/某物Imindthescore.mind+代詞介意……Idon’tmindit.
mind+從句介意……Idon’tmindthatyouopenthewindow.
agreetodosth同意去做某事Iagreedtogototheparkthisweekend.
agreewithsb(aboutsth)同意某人(關(guān)于某事)Doyouagreewithme(abouttheplan).agree+從句同意……Hermotheragreesthatshecangoshoppingwithme.
buysthfromsb/sw從某人/某處買來某物Iboughtsomeapplesfromtheshop/him.sellsthtosb/sw賣某物給某人/某處Hesoldsomeapplestome.
showsbsth=showsthtosb給某人看某物=把某物給某人看givesbsth=givesthtosb給某人某物=把某物給某人passsbsth=passsthtosb傳給某人某物=把某物傳給某人sellsbsth=sellsthtosb賣給某人某物=賣某物給某人buysbsth=buysthforsb買給某人某物=買某物給某人makesbsth=makesthforsb為某人做某物=做某物給某人
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fightforsth/sb為某事/某物/某人而戰(zhàn)WeChinesepeoplefightforpeace.fightwithsth/sb和某物/某人打架Don’tfightwithyoursister.
fightagainststh/sb為反對某事/某物/某人而戰(zhàn)Wefightagainstthewar.
Whynotdosth為什么不做某事Whynotgoshoppingwithme?
=Whydon’tyoudosth=Whydon’tyougoshoppingwithme?
begoodatdoingsth擅長做某事Heisgoodatplayingthepiano.begoodatsth擅長某事/某物=Heisgoodatpiano.
begoodwithsb和某人相處融洽I’mgoodwithmyclassmates.
begoodforsb/sth對某人/某物有益Applesaregoodforyourhealth.begoodtosb對某人好Mymotherisalwaysgoodtome.
starttodosth開始做某事=startdoingsthstartsth開始某事/屋
finishtodosth完成做某事=finishdoingsth
finishsth完成某事/某物
bestrictwithsb對某人嚴(yán)格Myteacherisstrictwithus.
bestrictinsth對某事/某物嚴(yán)格Myteacherisstrictinteaching.
betiredofdoingsth厭倦做某事I’mtiredofplayingfootballeveryday.betiredofsth厭倦某物/某事Somestudentsaretiredofstudy.
takesthtosb/sw把某物帶去某處/給某人Pleasetakethebookstohim/thelibrary.bringsthtosb/sw把某物帶來某處/給某人Pleasebringthebookstome.
beafraidofdoingsth擔(dān)心/害怕做某事I’mafraidoflearningthepiano.beafraidofsth擔(dān)心/害怕某物/某事I’mafraidofthedog.beafraidofsb擔(dān)心/害怕某人I’mafraidofhim.
taketurnstodosth輪流去做某事Wetaketurnstocleantheclassroom.havetodosth不得不/必須做某事Hehastowearauniform.
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