初中英語語法總結(jié)一覽表
初中英語語法總結(jié)一覽表
語法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法表示經(jīng)常性的動作或狀態(tài)象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Hegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.Hewrotealetteryesterday.Istudiedhardlastyear.Areyougoingtoread?Heiscomingtomorrow.Tomiswritingnow.Theyarelyingonthebed.動詞用原形一般現(xiàn)在時三人稱單數(shù)-s/es動詞用過去時一般過去時Bewas/werebegoingto+V原一般將來時will/shall+V原Everyoftenalwayson天in一般-ses輔have----has月、季、節(jié)、年。音+y---ies/In1998一般/去e雙寫go-wentcome-came/輔+y結(jié)尾-do-didleave-left等iedGocomeleavestayfly等用進(jìn)行表將來ago/justnow表過去某個、段時間內(nèi)last/yesterday等動作及狀態(tài)在將來某個時間或某段時要做的事tomorrow/afternext/tonightin201*現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時be+doinglistenlooknow表此時此刻正進(jìn)行的動allthetimeDon’t…作或狀態(tài)一般去e雙寫tiedielie+ing變ie為y加ing含糊的頻率現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+PP發(fā)生在過去影響在現(xiàn)在詞alreadyjustneverever現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行have/hasbeen+doing的動作或狀態(tài)等was/were+doing.過去進(jìn)行時多用于復(fù)合句中had+動過去分詞過去完成時多用于復(fù)合句中atthistimeyesterday表在過去某時間正在進(jìn)lastSundayevening行的動作bythetime+過去時該動作發(fā)生在過去的過whenafterbefore去副分詞規(guī)則的同不規(guī)則的動詞的過去分Ihavebeenteachingfor8過去式是一樣詞需逐個記憶years.的Hehassleptfortwodays.一般去e雙寫tiedielie+ing變ie為y加ing規(guī)則的分詞構(gòu)需要逐個記憶成與過去時一詳見不規(guī)則動詞表樣的HewasreadingatthattimelastFridayWehadlearnt201*wordsbytheendoflastyear.語法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethenextday.Sheisthetallinthetwo.HerunsfasterthanTom.Sheisthemostbeautifulinherclass.(最高級加the)would+V原形過去將來時多用賓語從句中比較級形式后--er前加more形容副詞名詞名詞比較用more最高級形式后-est前加most形容副詞名詞名詞比較用most過去看來將要發(fā)生的動Hesaidthathe…thenextday.作或狀態(tài)表示兩個人、物之間進(jìn)行比較時than/much/alittlefar/inthetwo等一般/去e雙寫good/wellbetter/輔+y結(jié)尾-much/manymoreier一般/去e雙寫bad/ill/badly-worst/輔+y結(jié)尾-far-farther-farthestiest大于等于三個人、物之inthe+比較范圍間進(jìn)行比較ofthe具體的數(shù)字動詞不定式作主語作賓語作賓補(bǔ)todo沒有人稱ToreadishelpfulforHewantstobuyaIhearhimsingyesterday和數(shù)的變化anybodynow.dictionary.Tomtoldmetoopenit.作表語作狀語作定語HisjobistoHe’llgotoseeadoctorHehasmuchhomeworktakecareoftomorrow.todoeveryday.children.狀語從句賓語從句定語從句主從復(fù)合句句子作狀語(時間地點(diǎn)原因條件讓步比較)句子作賓語(語序、時態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞、客觀事實(shí))句子作定語(修飾名詞或代詞的句子、注意先行詞)HewaswritingaletterwhenIcamein。HeaskedmeifIhadbeentoBeijingbefore.Isawthemanwhowasstealingmybikeyesterday主動結(jié)構(gòu)與被動結(jié)構(gòu)
主動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+謂語+賓語WespeakEnglish.動作執(zhí)行者+及物動詞+動作承受者主語謂語賓語被動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+bePP+by賓語Englishisspokenbyus動作承受者+bePP+by動作執(zhí)行者在被動語態(tài)中沒有可以省to的不定式賓改主謂語動詞bePP主by賓主動變被動,先找主、謂、賓,賓改主、主by賓,代詞變格要細(xì)心,謂語動詞bepp,時態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被PP是及物動詞的過去分詞加ed或不規(guī)則詳見表被動句的時態(tài)(be)隨主動句的時態(tài)(do)人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)隨被動句的主語(am、is、are、was、were等)
擴(kuò)展閱讀:初中英語語法總結(jié)一覽表
初中英語語法總結(jié)一覽表
★清華大學(xué)★英語系測試:為中學(xué)英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果
初中英語語法總結(jié)一覽表語法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Everyoftenalways一般-seshave----has動詞用原形一般現(xiàn)在三人稱單數(shù)-s表示經(jīng)常性的on天in月、季、節(jié)、輔音+時動作或狀態(tài)年。y---ies/esHegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.ago/justnow/In1998一般/去ego-wentcome-cameHewrotealetter動詞用過去時表過去某個、段一般過去last/yesterday等雙寫/輔+do-didleave-left等yesterday.Bewas/時間內(nèi)動作及時y結(jié)尾-Istudiedhardlastwere狀態(tài)iedyear.begoingto+在將來某個時tomorrow/afterGocomeleavestayAreyougoingto一般將來V原間或next/tonightinfly等用進(jìn)行表將來read?時will/shall+某段時要做的201*HeiscomingV原事tomorrow.一般去etiedielie表此時此刻正listenlooknowTomiswritingnow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行變ie為y加ingTheyarelyingonbe+doing進(jìn)行的動作或allthetimeDon’t…雙寫時+ing狀態(tài)thebed.語法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句have/has分詞規(guī)則不規(guī)則的動詞的過Ihavebeenteaching發(fā)生在過去影含糊的頻率副+PP響在現(xiàn)在的動詞alreadyjustnever的同過去去分詞需逐個記憶for8years.have/hasever式是一樣Hehassleptfortwo作或狀態(tài)等been+doing的days.was/wereatthistimeyesterday一般去etiedielie表在過去某時.過去進(jìn)行+doinglastSundayevening雙寫變ie為y加ingHewasreadingatthattime時多用于復(fù)合句間正在進(jìn)行的+ing動作lastFriday中had+動過去bythetime+過去時規(guī)則的分需要逐個記憶Wehadlearnt201*過去完成分詞該動作發(fā)生在whenafterbefore詞構(gòu)成與詳見不規(guī)則動詞表words時多用于復(fù)合句過去的過去過去時一bytheendoflast中樣的year.would+V原過去看來將要Hesaidthathe過去將來形Hesaidthathe…thewouldcomeherethe時多用賓語從句發(fā)生的動作或nextday.狀態(tài)nextday.中比較級形后--er前加表示兩個人、物一般/去egood/wellbetterSheisthetallinthe式more之間進(jìn)行比較than/much/alittle雙寫/輔+much/manymoretwo.形容副詞名詞比較用時far/inthetwo等y結(jié)尾-Herunsfasterthan名詞moreierTom.最高級形后-est前加一般/去ebad/ill/badly-worstSheisthemost大于等于三個式mostinthe+比較范圍雙寫/輔+far-farther-farthestbeautiful人、物之間進(jìn)行形容副詞名詞比較用ofthe具體的數(shù)字y結(jié)尾-inherclass.(最高級比較名詞mostiest加the)動詞不定作主語作賓語作賓補(bǔ)作表語作狀語作定語語法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句式ToreadisHewantstoIhearhimsingHisjobisHe’llgotoseeaHehasmuchtodo沒有helpfulforbuyayesterdaytotakedoctortomorrow.homework人稱和數(shù)anybodydictionary.Tomtoldmetoopencareoftodoeveryday.的變化now.it.children.狀語從句賓語從句定語從句句子作狀語(時間地點(diǎn)原因條句子作賓語(語序、時態(tài)、引導(dǎo)句子作定語(修飾名詞或代詞的句子、主從復(fù)合件讓步比較)詞、客觀事實(shí))注意先行詞)句HewaswritingaletterwhenIHeaskedmeifIhadbeentoIsawthemanwhowasstealingmybikecamein。Beijingbefore.yesterday主動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+謂語+賓語主動變被動,先找主、謂、賓,賓改主、動作執(zhí)行者+及物動詞+WespeakEnglish.主by賓,代詞變格要細(xì)心,謂語動詞主動結(jié)構(gòu)動作承受者主語謂語賓語bepp,時態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被與被動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+beEnglishisspokenbyusPP是及物動詞的過去分詞加ed或不被動結(jié)構(gòu)PP+by賓語規(guī)則詳見表動作承受者+bePP+by動賓改主謂語動詞bePP主被動句的時態(tài)(be)隨主動句的時態(tài)(do)作執(zhí)行者by賓人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)隨被動句的主語(am、is、在被動語態(tài)中沒有可以省toare、was、were等)的不定式
★清華大學(xué)★英語系測試:為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果
初二(上)英語第一單元評估試題一.英漢互譯:10%1.2.3.4.5.
準(zhǔn)時_________6.howtospell良好的祝愿7.forexample不得不8.makeEnglishfun浪費(fèi)食物9.not...anymore教師節(jié)10.Mother’sDay二.填寫所缺字母:5%1.2.3.
—James‖isag________name.
Thankyouforh________mewiththework.Thet_________muststopwhenthelightsarered.4.5.6.7.8.9.
Sheisaquietgirl.Shen_________talksmuch.I’ma________I’venoidea.TViss________fortelevision.
Youmuststandupw________theteachercallsyourname.Peopledon’tuseMr,MrsorMsb________theirfirstnames.Tomanypeople,them________ofanameisimportant.
10.InEngland,thefamilynamecomesl________.三.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:10%1.2.3.4.5.
Annoftengoes________withhermotheronSundays.(shop)I’llcomehere________nexttime.(early)Listen!Mike________aChinesesong.(sing)
Weoftenhavegreatfun________onthefarm.(work)Thecolourofyourcoatis________frommine(difference)6.7.8.9.
Septemberisthe_________monthoftheyear.(nine)Sheoften________TVonFridayevening.(watch)Thetrain________atsixo’clock.(leave)Shelikes________inthemorning.(read)
10.Oneofthe________isMissGao.She________Englishverywell.(teach)四.選擇填空:25%1.
Welcome________home.
A.toB.backC.backtoD.backmy2.
Whatdoyoucall________?
A.forshortB.shortforC.forlongD.longfor3.
Mymotherwantsme________withher.
A.goshoppingB.togoshoppingC.togotoshopD.togotoshopping4.
Heiswriting—Goodluck________you‖onthecard.A.forB.atC.withD.to5.
LessonTwois_________ofthisbook.
A.asecondlessonB.lessonsecondC.thesecondlessonD.thelessonsecond6.
Thankfor________ussowell.
A.teachingB.teachC.toteachingD.toteach7.
I’mgoingtoShanghai________month.
A.lastB.innextC.inthisD.next8.
Theseareournewstudents________Idon’tknowmanyofthem.A.andB.butC.soD.because9.
Their________thirdclassbeginsat9:30.
A.theB./C.aD.this10.Canyougiveapieceofpaper_______me?A.toB.forC.withD./
11.Herearesomeflowers_________you_________ourbest________.
A.for,to,wishesB.for,with,wishesC.to,for,wishD.of,to,wish12.InEngland,thelastnameisthe_______.
A.givennameB.middlenameC.familynameD.fullname13.Wecan’tcall—ElizabethGreen‖_________ifshe’snotmarried(結(jié)婚).
A.MissElizabethB.MissGreenC.ElizabethD.Liz14.MrZhangasksme________himacall.
A.giveB.givingC.givesD.togive15.Ihave________totellyou.
A.importantsomethingB.importantnothingC.somethingimportantD.anythingimportant
16.Tomwithhistwofriends________goingshoppingtomorrowmorning.A.areB.isC.willD.can
17.Canyougiveusatalkabout________betweenChineseandEnglishnames?A.differentB,difference
C.thedifferentD.thedifference
18.---I’msorry.Yourpencilisbroken.---________.
A.GivememypenB.ThankyouC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Allright19.It’stoohottoday.Howabout________inthelake?
A.goforaswimB.haveaswimC.swimD.havingaswim20.Don’tdothat!It’sjust________.
A.awasteoftimeB.awastetimeC.wasteoftimeD.awasteoftimes21.Theman________oftengoestoworkonfoot.
A.callsTomB.callTomC.calledTomD.iscalled22.Philliptellsthemthat—ph‖________an—f‖.
A:soundlikeB.soundlikesC.soundslikesD.soundslike23.Iknowonly________aboutEnglishnames.
A.alittleB.littleC.lotD.alot24.---Isitgoingtoraintomorrow?--_________.
---That’stoobad!Idon’tliketherain.
A.IhopesoB.I’mafraidnotC.I’mafraidso25._________ofyoumustdoeyeexerciseseveryday.
A.EveryB.EveryoneC.Everyone五.完成對話,每空一詞:10%
A:Hi,areyounewhere?
B:Yes,I____1____.Whataboutyou?A:____2____,too.____3____areyoufrom?B:I’mfromCanada.What____4____you?A:Smallworld,I’mfrom____5____,too.D.I’mnotafraidD.Noone
B:Which____6____areyoufrom?A:I’mfromToronto.MynameisSandra.___7___you?B:MynameisThomas.Youcancallme____8____forshort.A:OK,Tom.
B:CanIcallyou____9____forshort?A:Sure,____10____problem.六.句型轉(zhuǎn)換:10%1.
CallmeJames,please.(否定句)Please________________meJames.2.
Tomhassomehomeworktodoeveryday.(一般疑問句)________Tom_______________homeworktodoeveryday?3.
Doesheswimintheriver?(改為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)________he________intheriver?4.HanMeiisgoingtobuyacardtomorrow.(劃線提問)________isshegoingto_________tomorrow?
5.TodayisWednesday.(劃線提問)________________istoday?
6.Hehastodohouseworkafterschool.(否定句)He________________todohouseworkafterschool.
7.TodaywearegoingtolearnLessonTwenty-one.(同義句)Wewilllearn________________________today.
8.Whynotcomewithus?(同義句)Why________you________withus?
9.Heisthinkinghowheisgoingtousethecomputer.(同義句)Heisthinking________________usethecomputer.
七.完形填空10%InChina,mostpeople’snameshave____1____parts,the____2____namesandthefamilynames.Onepersonmayhave____3____names.Forexample,whentheyareveryyoungand____4____home,theyusuallyhavenicknames.Atschooltheyusetheir____5____names.Ifsomeone____6____awriter,heorshehasapenname.Newyoungcouples(夫婦)becomevery____7____whentheynametheirchild.____8____thenameshavespecialmeanings.Someshowtheirparents’____9____.Girls’namesshowthattheirparentswantthemtobenice.Boys’namesareoftenuseful____10_____thecountry.
1.A.twoB.secondC.threeD.third2.A.familyB.givenC.middleD.full3.A.muchB.alotC.manyD.alittle4.A.inB.atC.ofD.with5.A.penB.givenC.fullD.family6.A.beB.isC.areD.was7.A.sadB.happyC.angryD.careful8.A.SomeB.BothC.OneD.Mostof9.A.headB.hopeC.ideaD.name10.A.toB.inC.aboutD.at八.閱讀理解:10%
Tomisalittleboy,andheisonlysevenyearsold.Heoftengoestotheparkandthefruitshophimself.Sometimeshismothertakeshimtothemuseum.
Onedayhegoestoacinema.Itisthefirsttimeforhimtodothat.Hebuysaticketandthengoesin.Butaftertwoorthreeminuteshecomesout,buysasecondticketandgoesinagain.Afterafewminuteshecomesoutagainandbuysathirdticket.Twoorthreeminuteslaterhecomesoutandasksforanotherticket.Thenthegirlintheticketofficeasksbeforegivinghimtheticket,—Whydoyoubuysomanytickets?Howmanyfriendsdoyoumeet?‖Tomanswers,—No.Ihavenofriendshere.Butabigboyalwaysstopsmeatthedoorandtears(撕)myticketintopieces.‖
1.Tomdoesn’tgoto________himself.A.theparkB.thefruitshopC.themuseumD.thecinema
2.Itis________timeforTomtogotothecinema.
A.thefirstB.thesecondC.thethirdD.thefourth3.HowmanyticketsdoesTombuyfromtheticketoffice?
A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four4.Whichofthefollowingsentencesistrue?
A.Tomgoestothecinemawithsomefriendsoneday.B.Tomgoestothecinemaforsometimes.
C.Tomthinksthebigboyletshiminafterhetearsthetickets.D.Tomdoesn’tunderstandwhatthebigboydoes.5.Thebigboyinthecinemais________.
A.ateacherB.aworkerC.afriendD.astudent九.書面表達(dá):10%十.請你用英語給你的英語老師寫一張教師節(jié)的賀卡初二(上)英語第一單元評估試題答案一.英漢互譯:10%
1.ontime2.bestwishes3.haveto4.awasteoffood5.Teachers’Day6.如何拼寫7.例如8.使得英語有趣9.再也不10.母親節(jié)二.填寫所缺字母:5%
1.given2.helping3.traffic4.never5.afraid6.short7.when8.before9.meaning10.last三.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:10%
1.shopping2.earlier3.issinging4.(in)working5.different6.ninth7.watches8.leaves9.reading10.teachers,teaches四.選擇填空:25%
1.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.A7.D8.C9.B10.A11.B12.C13.A14.D15.C16.B17.D18.C19.D20.A21.C22.D23.A24.C25.B五.完成對話,每空一詞:10%
1.am2.Me3.Where4.about5.Canada6.city7.And8.Tom9.Sandy10.no六.句型轉(zhuǎn)換:10%
1.don’tcall2.Does,haveany3.Is,swimming4.What,do5.Whatday6.doesn’thave7.thetwenty-firstlesson8.don’t,come9.how,to七.完形填空:10%
1.A2.B3.C4.B5.C6.B7.D8.D9.C10.A八.閱讀理解:10%
1.C2.A3.C4.D5.B九.書面表達(dá):10%略
★清華大學(xué)★英語系測試:為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果
連詞專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練
1、Idon’tlikereadingwatchingTV.Whataboutyou?—Idon’tlikereadingallday,IlikewatchingTVplays.‖A.a(chǎn)nd,butB.a(chǎn)nd,andC.or,andD.or,but2、Youwon’tknowthevalue(價值)ofthehealthyouloseit.A.untilB.a(chǎn)fterC.whenD.because3、WeboughtGrannyapresent,shedidn’tlikeit.A.butB.a(chǎn)ndC.orD.so4、Studyhard,youwillpasstheexam.
A.soB.forC.butD.a(chǎn)nd5、Putonmoreclothes,you’llcatchcold.
A.a(chǎn)ndB.forC.orD.but6、Myshoesarewornout,Ineednewones.A.soB.ifC.becauseD.a(chǎn)nd7、Heranfasthewontherace.
A.enough…toB.so…thatC.too…toD.both…and8、Heisonlytenmonths.Hecanreadwrite.
A.either…orB.neither…norC.both…andD.so…that9、ShesaidshemightcomeSaturdaySunday.
A.neither…norB.nither…orC.too…toD.so…that10、IfTomMikeasksfortheircar,tellhimtocometomorrow.A.orB.a(chǎn)ndC.withD.but
11、Itwasalreadyteno’clockwegottothemuseumthismorning.A.thatB.whenC.ifD.for12、It’salongtimewemetlast.
A.soB.a(chǎn)fterC.sinceD.before13、Thatmathsproblemisdifficultnobodycandoit.A.too…toB.very…thatC.so…thatD.very…but14、I’llgiveherthemessageshecomesback.
A.sinceB.beforeC.untilD.a(chǎn)ssoonas
15、theteachercameintotheclassroom,manystudentsweretalkingtoeachother.A.WhileB.IfC.SinceD.When16、Peopleoftenmistakeusforeachotherwearetwins.
A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.a(chǎn)fter17、Couldyoutellmeinyourhometowninwinter?
A.ifitoftensnowedB.whetherdoesitoftensnowC.ifitoftensnowD.whetheritoftensnows
18、AreyousureMr.Liwillcometoyourbirthdayparty?A.ifB.thatC.forD.when19、LilyLucylikesinging.
A.Either…orB.Beither…nor…C.Both…andD.So…that20、Readthesentencesslowlywecanunderstandwhatyouread.A.sothatB.beforeC.untilD.because
【答案】:
一、
1、D6、A11、B16、C2、A7、B12、C17、D3、A8、B13、C18、B4、D9、B14、D19、C5、C10、A15、D20、A
★清華大學(xué)★英語系測試:為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果
初中英語語法總結(jié)一覽表語法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Hegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunch一般現(xiàn)在動詞用原形表示經(jīng)常性的Everyoftenalways一般-seshave----has三人稱單數(shù)-s動作或狀態(tài)on天in月、季、節(jié)、輔音+時/es年。y---ies語法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句athome.動詞用過去時表過去某個、段ago/justnow/In1998一般/去ego-wentcome-cameHewrotealetter一般過去Bewas/雙寫/輔+do-didleave-left等yesterday.時間內(nèi)動作及l(fā)ast/yesterday等時y結(jié)尾-Istudiedhardlastwere狀態(tài)iedyear.begoingto+在將來某個時tomorrow/afterGocomeleavestayAreyougoingto一般將來V原間或next/tonightinfly等用進(jìn)行表將來read?時will/shall+某段時要做的201*HeiscomingV原事tomorrow.一般去etiedielie表此時此刻正listenlooknowTomiswritingnow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行be+doing進(jìn)行的動作或allthetimeDon’t…雙寫變ie為y加ingTheyarelyingon時+ing狀態(tài)thebed.現(xiàn)在完成have/has含糊的頻率副分詞規(guī)則不規(guī)則的動詞的過Ihavebeenteaching發(fā)生在過去影時+PP詞alreadyjustnever的同過去去分詞需逐個記憶for8years.響在現(xiàn)在的動現(xiàn)在完成have/hasever式是一樣Hehassleptfortwo作或狀態(tài)等進(jìn)行been+doing的days.was/were表在過去某時atthistimeyesterday一般去etiedielieHewasreadingat.過去進(jìn)行+doinglastSundayevening雙寫變ie為y加ing間正在進(jìn)行的thattime時多用于復(fù)合句動作+inglastFriday中had+動過去bythetime+過去時規(guī)則的分需要逐個記憶Wehadlearnt201*過去完成分詞該動作發(fā)生在whenafterbefore詞構(gòu)成與詳見不規(guī)則動詞表words時過去的過去多用于復(fù)合句過去時一bytheendoflast語法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句中樣的year.would+V原過去看來將要Hesaidthathe過去將來形Hesaidthathe…thewouldcomeherethe時多用賓語從句發(fā)生的動作或nextday.狀態(tài)nextday.中比較級形后--er前加表示兩個人、物一般/去egood/wellbetterSheisthetallinthe式more之間進(jìn)行比較than/much/alittle雙寫/輔+much/manymoretwo.形容副詞名詞比較用時far/inthetwo等y結(jié)尾-Herunsfasterthan名詞moreierTom.最高級形后-est前加一般/去ebad/ill/badly-worstSheisthemost大于等于三個式mostinthe+比較范圍雙寫/輔+far-farther-farthestbeautiful人、物之間進(jìn)行形容副詞名詞比較用ofthe具體的數(shù)字y結(jié)尾-inherclass.(最高級比較名詞mostiest加the)動詞不定作主語作賓補(bǔ)作表語作狀語作賓語作定語式ToreadisIhearhimsingHisjobisHe’llgotoseeaHewantstoHehasmuchtodo沒有helpfulforyesterdaytotakedoctortomorrow.buyahomework人稱和數(shù)anybodyTomtoldmetoopencareofdictionary.todoeveryday.的變化now.it.children.狀語從句賓語從句定語從句句子作狀語(時間地點(diǎn)原因條句子作賓語(語序、時態(tài)、引導(dǎo)句子作定語(修飾名詞或代詞的句子、主從復(fù)合件讓步比較)詞、客觀事實(shí))注意先行詞)句HewaswritingaletterwhenIHeaskedmeifIhadbeentoIsawthemanwhowasstealingmybikecamein。Beijingbefore.yesterday主動結(jié)構(gòu)主動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+謂WespeakEnglish.主動變被動,先找主、謂、賓,賓改主、與語+賓語主語謂語賓語主by賓,代詞變格要細(xì)心,謂語動詞語法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句被動結(jié)構(gòu)動作執(zhí)行者+及物動詞+Englishisspokenbyus動作承受者被動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+be賓改主謂語動詞bePP主PP+by賓語by賓動作承受者+bePP+by動作執(zhí)行者在被動語態(tài)中沒有可以省to的不定式簡要搜集了一些信息希望對大家有用
bepp,時態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被PP是及物動詞的過去分詞加ed或不規(guī)則詳見表被動句的時態(tài)(be)隨主動句的時態(tài)(do)人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)隨被動句的主語(am、is、are、was、were等)★清華大學(xué)★英語系測試:為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果
初二英語上冊知識點(diǎn)(短語、句型)MODULE1、如有always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never,oncea....,every...用一般現(xiàn)在時,第一、二人稱復(fù)數(shù)后跟動詞原形,第三人稱單數(shù)后跟動詞加"s"/"es"。
2、如有now,look!,listen,atthemoment....用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,結(jié)構(gòu)是be(am,is,are)+v-ing
3、如有tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,fromnowon,in+一段時間,someday,next....用一般將來時,結(jié)構(gòu):will+v原\\begoingto+v原(沒有動詞用be)
4、如有yesterday,......ago,last....justnow.....用一般過去時動詞加edgivesb.Sth.=givesth.tosb.給某人某物everyday每天,
writedown寫下,記下writeit(them)downeveryday每天的,日常的,howaboutdoingsth.=whataboutdoingsth.做....怎么樣eachother互相.thanksalot=thankyouverymuch非常謝謝
回答That"sallright.=You"rewelcome.=That"OK.=It"smypleasure.=Notatall.Whydon"tyou+V原...=whynot+...V原為什么不helpsb.withsth.在某方面幫助別人helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事withone"shelp=withthehelpofsb.在某人的幫助helponeselftosth.請自用食物watchsb.dosth.看到某人做了某事,(現(xiàn)在沒有做,做過)watchsb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事(正在做)see,hear類似
remembertodosth.想起記得要做某事,未做事rememberdoingsth.相起記得做過某事forgettodosth.忘記要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事welcomeback歡迎回來,newterm新學(xué)期thisterm這學(xué)期,nextterm下學(xué)學(xué)期,
lastterm上學(xué)期,giveyousomeadvice給你一些建議whynot為什么不,makeamistake=makemistakes犯錯誤correctspelling正確的拼寫,whatelse?=whatotherthings?還有什么
apieceofadvice一條建議,follow/takeone"sadvice采用別人的建議,sendsthtosb.=sendsb.sth.寄給某人sendfor派人去請/取sendup發(fā)射.allthetime一直
enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=haveagreattime=havefun,玩得愉快lotsof=alotof=many(可數(shù))\\much(不可數(shù))許多,,spend:sb.spendsometimeonsth.某人花費(fèi)時間做某事
sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.某人花費(fèi)時間做某事Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.某人花費(fèi)錢買某物Sb.spendsomemoney(in)buyingsth.某人花費(fèi)錢買某物Cost:sth.costsb.somemoney某物花去某人錢pay:sb.paysomemoneyforsth.某人支付錢
Take:Ittakes(took)sb.sometimetodosth.做某事花去某人時間askfor請求,要求,asksb.forsth.向某人要某物asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事apieceof一塊
enjoydoingsth喜歡做某事.finish,practise,mind,miss,consider,keep,continue,這些詞語后跟動名詞形式V-ing
placesth.in=putsth.in把某物放在…里面
else常修飾不定代詞,關(guān)系代詞或副詞,也可修飾all,much,little等,else要位于其后。所有格為else"s.takeadeepbreath深呼吸,catch\\holdone"sbreath屏住呼吸,outofbreath上氣不接下氣,wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事,
thenumberof…的數(shù)目,后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù),動詞用三單,anumberof=many,大量,許多后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù),動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。alargenumberof,asmallnumberof,
invitesb.todosth.邀請某人做某事find+it+adj+todosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣trytodosth.盡力做事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事
trynottodosth.盡力不做某事tryone"sbest盡某人最大的努力,agroupof一組,一群,borrowsthfromsb.從某人處借入某物,lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth.借給某人某物keep借一段時間practicedoingsth.,練習(xí)做做某事comefrom=befrom來自,lookfor尋找,lookafter=carefor=takecareof照顧lookup向上看,查閱,looklike看起來像,lookat看著,lookonsb.as把某人看作,
lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望,期待做某事lookover檢查,翻閱,lookout當(dāng)心,向外看,lookthrough仔細(xì)查看,
bereadyfor=getreadyfor=preparefor為…,beready準(zhǔn)備好,be(get)readytodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事,樂意做某事translate…into…將…譯成…,
takeamessage捎個信,leaveamessage留個信,begoodfor對…有好處,begoodat=dowellin擅長于…bepoorat=bebadat=dobadlyin=beweakin不擅長…Thinkof想起,thinkabout想出,thinkover仔細(xì)考慮,
else修飾不定代詞something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who,what,when,where時放后,
四說,1,speak說語言,2.say說內(nèi)容,3,talk與誰說,4,tell告訴,講述,四看,1,watch觀看電視,比賽和表演,2,see看人,電影,醫(yī)生,風(fēng)景,
3,read看書,報,4,look就看?磮鲭娪耙胹ee,讀書看報用read電視、戲劇、比賽,凡是表演用watch,observe細(xì)觀察,一時注意用notice.
make+賓語+補(bǔ)足語(形容詞)使某人某物怎么樣。.make+賓語+do讓某人做某事
make+賓語+過去分詞使某人被怎么樣;makefriendswithsb.與某人交朋友,hearof聽說,hearfrom收到某人的來信,
bebadfor對…有害,itis+adj.+ofsb+todosth.寫性格,品質(zhì)kind,goodnice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。
Itis+adj+forsb+todosth.對物的評價difficult,easyhard,dangerous,important,等writeto…給…寫信,nextto在…旁邊,dosomeconcerts辦音樂會,speaktosb.和某人講話,sayhellotosb.給某人問好,saybyetosb.向某人說再見,showsb.aroundsomewhere帶某人參觀某地,learnsthfromsb.向某人學(xué)習(xí)
choosethecorrectanswers選擇正確答案,correctthemistakes改錯,match…with…把…和…搭配起來
建議:1.whydon"tyoudosth?=whynotdosth?2.Howaboutdoingsth?=whataboutdoingsth?3.Youshould/candosth.4.Remembertodosth.5.Don"tforgettodosth.6.canyoudosth?7.Let"sdosth.8.It"sagoodideatodo9.wouldyouliketodo?10.Shallwedo11.You"dbetter(not)dosth.回答:That"sagoodidea.Thanksalot.
Great,OK.That"sright.Allright.Goodidea.Sure.同類比較except,加for異類記心間。
He"scompositionisgood,exceptforsomespellingmistakes.
他的這篇作文寫得很好,只是有幾處拼寫錯誤。(非同類比較用exceptfor)
Shewasallaloneintheworldexceptforanoldaunt.除了有一個老姑媽,她別無親人。Annafeltdisappointedwhenshefoundouttheyhadgoneswimmingwithouther.(without=except)當(dāng)安娜發(fā)現(xiàn)除她外,他們都去游泳了,她感到很失望。
LionHeadHillisnotworthseeingexceptforitsoldtemples.除了那些古寺以外,獅頭山?jīng)]什么可看的。Amongotherthings,weareinterestedindrawing.
我們對圖畫和別的一些東西很感興趣。(among之內(nèi)即包括在內(nèi))原狀becauseof,owingto,dueto表語形容詞
例:Owingtoourjointefforts,thetaskwasfulfilledaheadofschedule.由于我們的共同努力,任務(wù)提前完成了。
注:Owingto和becauseof都做原因狀語,而dueto只能做表語形容詞。所以此句。原因狀語。
AIIourachievementsareduetothecorrectleadershipofourParty.
owingto的介詞短語做我們的一切成績都?xì)w功于黨。(dueto做表語形容詞)Under后接修、建中,of,from物化分
例:Theroadisunderrepairnow.這條路正在修建中。
Thenowrailwayisstillunderconstruction.新鐵路尚在修筑中。(不能用in)underdiscussion在討論中(不能用in)underconsiderate在考慮中(不能用in)Thedeskismadeofwood.桌子是木頭做的。(物理變化用of)
Thewineismadefromgrape.這種酒是用葡萄釀造的。(化學(xué)變化用from)Thebridgeismadeofsteel.這座橋是鋼制的。(物理變化)Steelismadefromiron.鋼是由鐵煉成的。(化學(xué)變化)before,after表一點(diǎn),ago,later表示一段
即before,after常表示一個點(diǎn)的時間狀語,而ago,later常表示一段的時間狀語。例如:前天thedaybeforeyesterday;前年theyearbeforelast;大上星期theweekbeforelast等等都表示點(diǎn)狀語的。
要想準(zhǔn)確無誤地使用好before和ago,after和later比較困難,但要是以"點(diǎn)"和"段"來區(qū)別就容易得多。例:晚飯前beforesupper
解放前beforeliberation1970年前before1970文革前beforeculturalrevolution國慶前beforeNationalDay入大學(xué)前beforecomingtocollege
這些都是"點(diǎn)"狀語,因?yàn)?970年前即1970年1月1日前。國慶節(jié)即10月1日前。ago表示一段時間。例:一分鐘前aminuteago半小時前halfanhourago兩天前twodaysago一星期前aweekago五年前fiveyearsago
因?yàn)閍minute,halfanhour,twodays,aweek,fiveyears等都表示一段時間,所以用等皆如此。
before可接完成時,ago過去級有限這時的before是連詞(也可做介詞)
例:Wehadscarcelyleftourschoolbeforeitbegantorain.我們剛離開學(xué)校,天就下雨了。(完成時)
IhadstudiedFrenchforfourmonthsbeforeIcamehere.我來這兒以前就已學(xué)了四個月法語了。(before接完成時)Hefellillthreedaysago.
ago。以及tendayslater他病了三天了。(ago則只能接動詞過去式,同時注意瞬間動詞的問題。)Helefttwomonthsago.兩個月前他離開了。(同上)Imetherafewminutesago.我在幾分鐘前碰到他了。(同上)Since以來during間,since時態(tài)多變換與之相比beside,除了lastbutone。
即beside的一般用法是"在…旁邊",但還有"和…相比"等特殊用法。
例:IfeltsoweakinspokenEnglishbesidethem.和他們相比,我感到我的口語太差。Besideworkandstudy,allelsewastrivial.同工作和學(xué)習(xí)比起來,其他一切都是小事。
除了lastbutone,即but多指"除了"的意思,也有"倒數(shù)第幾"的意思。lastbutone即不是最后一個。例:Ihaven"ttoldanybodybutone.除了我愛人,我誰也沒告訴。(除了)Whobutafoolwouldstudyforeignlanguagewellifheisahardworkingone.如果他勤奮好學(xué)的話,除了傻瓜誰都能學(xué)好外語。(除了)Lookatthelastpagebutone.請看倒數(shù)第2頁。
Hewasthelastbutthreeinmathsexaminationthistime.他這次數(shù)學(xué)考試成績倒數(shù)第四。Theyliveinthenexthousebutone.他們住在隔壁過去一家。復(fù)不定for、找,價,原,對,給,段,去,為,作,贊
復(fù)不定for,即用for引出的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),也就是for加名(代)加不定式;找,意為找到,提供;價,意為價格、工資;原,意為原因;段,意為時間或距離;去,意為去某地或開往某地;作,意為作為;贊,意為贊成(用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)。)
例:Itishightimeforustostart.我們不該再遲延了。Themosturgentthingisforustogetthepreparationdone.最重要的事情是我們要把準(zhǔn)備工作做好。
Idon"tthinkitadvisableforhimtostudymedicine.我想她學(xué)醫(yī)不適合。Yourparentsandrelativesareanxiousforyoutogotocollege.你的父母和親戚渴望你上大學(xué)。
Myhometownhaschangedtoomuchformetorecognize.我的家鄉(xiāng)變化太大,簡直認(rèn)不出來了。以上例句都是for在不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法。
Someoneisaskingforyouonthetelephone.有人找你接電話。(找)You"dbetterwritetomeformoreinformationaboutit.如需更多這方面的資科和信息,你最好給我寫信。(提問,索要)
Theyworkedinthecompanyfor200yuanamonth.他們在這個公司干活,每月嫌200元。(價格)Howmuchdidyoupayforthesecond-handcolourTV?這臺用過的彩電你花了多少錢?(價格)Thankyouverymuchforyourcoming.謝謝您的光臨。(原因)Thankyouforyourwarmhospitality.謝謝您的熱情款待。(原因)Forgivemeforbeingtardy.請原諒我遲到了。(原因)I"mmuchobligedtoyoufortellingme.非常感謝你給我談了這個情況。(原因)Wehaveboundlessadmirationforyourstruggle.對你們的斗爭我們無限欽佩。(對)Listeningcomprehensionmaterialsaregoodfortrainingourminds.聽力材料對訓(xùn)練我們的腦子根有好處。(對)
Takethebittermedicine.It"sgoodforyou.吃下這藥吧,對你有好處。(對)Thereisatelegramfor這有一份王先生的電報。(給)MayIuseitforaminute?我用一會兒好嗎?(一段時間)
Ifollowedthestealerforsomedistance.我跟蹤那個小偷一段路。(一段距離)TheshipwasforDalian.這破船開往大連。(去某地)
WeareoffforShanghaitomorrow.明天我們?nèi)ド虾!?去某地)
Themedicineisforreducingyourtemperature.這藥是退燒的。(為…目的)Afterbreakfast,I"llgoforastrollroundthetown.吃完飯我要在城里到處走走。(為…目的)
I"llkeepthelightergivenbyaforeignfriendforasouvenir.我要把外賓送給我的打火機(jī)作為紀(jì)念。(作為)
Itisonlymeantforajoke.這只是當(dāng)笑話說說罷了。(作為)
Weareallforcuttingdownthecostofproduction.我們都贊成降低生產(chǎn)成本。(贊成)快到、對、向towards,工、學(xué)、軍、城、上、北、南
例:It"sgettingontowardstheendoftermnow.現(xiàn)在已快到學(xué)期未了。(快到)Towardsmidnightmyhusbandcameback.快到半夜了我的丈夫才回來。(快到)Ourteacherwasverylenienttowardsus.我們的老師對我們很松。(對)Whatyouhaveinventedisreallyabigcontributiontowardsourcompany.你所發(fā)明的對我們公司確實(shí)是一大貢獻(xiàn)。(對)
Theboycamerunningtowardshismother.那個男孩向他母親跑去。(向著)所謂工、學(xué)、軍、城、上、北、南,是說up和down的用法。這也是漢英翻譯時要注意的。例如:招工,上大學(xué),參軍,進(jìn)城,
上山,向北方等都屬于up。而相反的下鄉(xiāng),向南,落榜等都屬于down。"大軍南下,北上抗日"大概由此而來。butfor否定用虛擬,復(fù)合介詞待后言。butfor是"若不是"的意思。
例:ButforourgreatCommunistParty,wecouldneverhavetoday"shappiness.若沒有偉大的共產(chǎn)黨,我們決不會有今天的幸福生活。
Butforthischemicalthevapourinsidethesystemwouldnothavebeenabsorbedsocompletely.若沒有這個化學(xué)劑的作用,系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的蒸汽不可能被吸收得這么徹底。butfor將在虛擬語氣中詳講。例:ingeneral一般說來inshort簡言之inotherwords換言之inmyopinion依我看insimplewords簡言之onthewhole基本上forinstance例如forshort簡稱afterall畢竟aboveall首先
此外考試中常出現(xiàn)的成語前置詞也須牢記其用法。byappearance從外表bytheaidof借…的幫助byfar…得多bycourseof…照…常例byreasonof由于byrequest應(yīng)邀byrightof由于憑借outofdate過時
outofharmonywith與…不一致outofharmonywith擺脫困境outofbounds超出權(quán)限outofproportionto與…不相稱outofreach力量不及outofone"swits不知所措outofquestion沒問題outofthequestion不可能的toagreatextent很大程度上toone"staste合…胃口toone"sthinking據(jù)…看來toone"sheart"scontent盡情地totheutmost盡力behindschedule不準(zhǔn)時behindthetimes過時的behindthecurtain在幕后withinreach能力所及withinahair"sbreadth差-點(diǎn)withinastone"sthrowof在附近beyonddescription無法形容beyondreason毫無道理beyondreproach無可指責(zé)
beyondone"sexpectation超出…范圍beyondexpression無法表達(dá)
ing型由于、鑒,除了,除外與包含。之后,關(guān)于,在…方面,有關(guān)介詞須記全。
最后,英語中v.-ing分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的特殊介詞,更須注意,根據(jù)其語法功能,把它們同現(xiàn)在分詞,動名詞和連同區(qū)分開來。即:
respecting由于,鑒于;considering由于,鑒于;excepting除了;concerning關(guān)于;exceptingfor除外;excluding除外;withoutexceptingsb.包含;including包括,包含;following在…之后;regarding關(guān)于;respecting在…方面;concerning有關(guān);例:considering由于;
Consideringthattablesaltisthecommonestsourceofsodiuminfood,thedietusuallycallsforeatingsalt-freefoods.由于食鹽是鈉在食物中普遍的來源,醫(yī)生給病人規(guī)定的,飲食通常要求吃無鹽食品。respecting鑒于:
Respectingtheheavyrain,wehadtoputoffthematch.鑒于下大雨,我們不得不推遲了這場比賽。excepting除了:
excepting可單獨(dú)使用,可以與always或否定詞not連用,也可以與for,without之類介詞連用。Exceptingoneofhisclosefriends,theywerepresentattheparty.除了他的一個摯友外,他們都來赴宴了。
Heisanhonestman,exceptingforhisquicktemper.
他是個老實(shí)人,只是("除了"脾氣暴躁。(同類比較except,加for異類記心間)。Everybodyisinhighspirits,alwaysexceptinghim.大家都情緒高昂,唯他"除外"(例外)。Onlyafewsurvivorswithoutexceptinghimwerelivinginthesettlement.包括他在內(nèi),只有幾個幸存者住在新拓居地。including包含:
Thenewapartmentconsistsofthreeroomsincludingthekitchen.這套公寓有三間,包括廚房。
following在…之后:相當(dāng)于afterTheweekfollowinghisfirstvisittothenewsroomhewasappointededitoroftheimportantcolumn.在拜訪該報社編輯部的"第二個"星期,他放任命為該報重要專欄的主筆。regarding關(guān)于:相當(dāng)于aboutRegardingresearchinvestmentandnumberofresearchersengagedinthisfieldofresearch,theanoverwhelmingpositionfollowedbyJapan."關(guān)于"投入該領(lǐng)域研究的投資額和研究人員的數(shù)量,美國占壓倒優(yōu)勢,其次是日本。respecting在…方面:Respectingeducation,health,medicalcareaswellasproductionandlabortechnologicaldevelopmentwillhavetobeevaluatedwithduethoughtgiventosocialsystemsandhumanism."在"教育、衛(wèi)生、生產(chǎn)勞動"方面",評價技術(shù)的發(fā)展需根據(jù)社會制度和人道主義。concerning有關(guān):
Thefollowingaresomeoftheargumentsbothprosandconsconcerningcomputers,thinking,andartificialintelligence.下面是"有關(guān)"計算機(jī)、思維和人工智能方面持贊成和反對態(tài)度的一些論據(jù)。
當(dāng)然,這些ing型的介詞,在句子中也有分詞、動名詞和連詞的語法功能。excluding和including,表示排除與包含。
LastyearBritishsalestotheregionweremorethan$8billion,whileFrenchexports,excludingarmsbroughtinaround$3billion.去年,英國對這個地區(qū)的銷售額達(dá)80多億美元,而法國的出口額(武器除外)約為30億美元。
StressmaydepletevitaminCinyourbody,ascansmoking,drinkingandavarietyofdrugs,notexceptingaspirin.生活緊張會耗盡你體內(nèi)的維生素C,正如吸煙、飲酒、服用某些藥物(包括阿斯匹林)一樣!锴迦A大學(xué)★英語系測試:為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站:清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果
style
名詞n.1.風(fēng)格,作風(fēng)[C][U]
2.文體;文風(fēng);語調(diào)[C][U]Theletteriswritteninaformalstyle.這封信以正式文體寫成。3.風(fēng)度;體面,時髦[U]Thatgentlemanhasgreatstyle.那位先生很有風(fēng)度。4.(衣服等的)流行款式[C][U]Herhatisoutofstyle.她的帽子過時了。
5.(商品等的)種類,型,式樣[C]You"llfindseveraldifferentstylesofarchitectureinthisstreet.在這條街上你會發(fā)現(xiàn)幾種不同類型的建筑。
及物動詞vt.1.稱呼;命名[O9]Hestyledhimself"MisterClean".他自稱是"清廉先生"。
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