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初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

網(wǎng)站:公文素材庫(kù) | 時(shí)間:2019-05-10 10:45:20 | 移動(dòng)端:初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

  導(dǎo)語(yǔ):初一英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法比較簡(jiǎn)單,我們可以很輕松地總結(jié)出來(lái),下面是小編收集整理的初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié),歡迎參考!

  一.動(dòng)詞be(is,am,are)的用法:說(shuō)明身份,年齡,狀態(tài)等。

  口訣:我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。

  單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。

  變否定,更容易,be后not加上去。

  變疑問(wèn),往前提,句末問(wèn)號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。

  be動(dòng)詞的用法:

  be動(dòng)詞包括“am”, “is”, “are”三種形式。

  第一人稱單數(shù)(I)配合am來(lái)用。

  句型解析析:I am+…

  I am a student. I am a boy.

  第二人稱(You)配合are使用。

  句型解析:You are+…

  You are my good friend. You are a good person.

  第三人稱單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。

  句型解析:She(He, It) is +…

  She is a good girl. She is so cute.

  人稱復(fù)數(shù) (we /you/they)配合are使用。

  句型解析:We (You, They) are +…

  We are in Class 5,Grade 7. You are good students.

  注意:

  1 綜合解析當(dāng)使用be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候,前面請(qǐng)先加上第幾人稱。

  be動(dòng)詞前面的人稱,是不可隨意替換的。例如:

  I am, You are, She is,并不會(huì)出現(xiàn)I is, You am, She are 這樣的情形。

  2 當(dāng)只有第一人稱和第二人稱或第三人稱時(shí)應(yīng)該把第二人稱或第三人稱放在前

  例如:you and I, Tom and I

  當(dāng)?shù)诙朔Q和第三人稱放在一起時(shí)把第二人稱放在前面,

  例如:you and Tom

  當(dāng)三者都有時(shí),排序?yàn)椋? 3 1

  例如you, Tom and I

  練習(xí):1. Where ______ Ann . She ______ here.

  2. How old ______ you . I ______ thirteen.

  3. ______ you Mr Read . Yes, I ______.

  4. What ______ your name. My name ____ Ann

  二 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Can

  1 can作“能、會(huì)”解,否定式是cannot,縮寫為can’t。

  “can+動(dòng)詞原形” “can’t+動(dòng)詞原形” :表示某人能做或不能做某事

  Can 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

  Can 表示的”能力”為現(xiàn)在的能力,而不是過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的能力。

  1). for ability表示能力。例如:

  —Can you write in English? —Yes, I can.

  I can run fast,can you?

  2). indicating acquired knowledge or skill表示獲得的知識(shí)或技能。例如: —Can she speak Japanese? —No, she can’t.她會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)嗎?不,她不會(huì)。

  3). indicating permission表示許可。例如:

  Can I read your newspaper?我能看看你的報(bào)紙嗎?

  Can I take you home?我送你回家行嗎?

  We can’t wear jeans at work.我們上班時(shí)不準(zhǔn)穿牛仔褲。

  4). indicating requests表示要求。例如:

  Can you help me with this box?你能幫我弄這個(gè)箱子嗎?

  Can you feed the cat?你喂喂貓好嗎?

  5). indicating possibly表示可能性。例如:

  That can’t be Mary—she’s in hospital.那不可能是瑪麗—她住院了。

  He can’t have slept through all that noise.那么吵他不可能睡得著覺(jué)。

  There’s someone outside—who can it be?外面有人—會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢?

  6). used to make suggestions用以提出建議。例如:

  We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.你愿意的話,咱們可以在飯館吃飯。

  I can take the car if necessary.必要時(shí)我可以開(kāi)車去。

  三 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Would

  1 Would是will的過(guò)去式,可用于各人稱,表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的"意志"、"愿望"和 "決心"等。 如:I told peter that I would go along wit him.我告訴彼得我要跟他一塊去。

  2 would用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)時(shí),不論是表達(dá)說(shuō)話人本身的意志或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求,均較will婉轉(zhuǎn)。如:

  Would you like to have a glass of wine? 你要喝杯酒嗎?

  Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop?

  [注]在日常會(huì)話中,I would like to和I should like to都可以說(shuō),I would like的簡(jiǎn)略式為I'd like。如:yes, I’d like to. Yes, I’d love to

  Yes, very much. Sorry, ai already have an appointment.

  3 Would還可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

  I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess.我發(fā)現(xiàn)退休的人經(jīng)常到公園里下棋。

  When he had a problem to solve,he would work at it until he found an answer.當(dāng)他有個(gè)問(wèn)題要解決時(shí),他總是想辦法一直到找到答案為止。

  練習(xí):

  1 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I____.

  A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not

  2 The children___ play football on the road.

  A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must

  3 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday?

  A. Here you are B. Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try

  4 Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup?

  A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must

  5 ___ you like to have another try?

  A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do

  6 -Would you like to go boating with us? -Yes, ___.

  A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do

  四 “there be”句型

  There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)。

  ”其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某時(shí))”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒(méi)有詞義;主語(yǔ)是be后面的名詞, be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。 There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢?請(qǐng)先看看下面這首歌訣:

  Be動(dòng)詞,有三個(gè),am,is還有are!癟here be”真特別,不留am只留倆,那就是is還有are。要用is還是are,須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is,否則就用are。如:

 、賂here is a tree behind the house.

 、赥here is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).

 、跿here are some pears in the box.

  (3)注意:如果“be”后的主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞,那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說(shuō),“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來(lái)確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is,是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如:

  ①There is a book and some pens on the floor.

 、赥here are some pens and a book on the floor.

  肯定句:there is an apple on the table

  否定句:there isn't an apple on the table.

  一般疑問(wèn)句: Is there an apple on the table? 回答:yes, there is. / No, there isn't 特殊疑問(wèn)句:what is there on the table.

  1. 定義:There be句型表示某處存在某物或某人。

  2. 結(jié)構(gòu):

  (1) There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).

  (2) There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).

  there是引導(dǎo)詞,在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,翻譯時(shí)也不必譯出。句子的主語(yǔ)是某人或某物,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be要與主語(yǔ)(某人或某物)的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與跟它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致。

 、 There is a bird in the tree. 樹(shù)上有一只鳥。

 、 There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.

  我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。

 、 There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 樹(shù)下有兩個(gè)男孩,一個(gè)女孩。

  3. There be句型與have的區(qū)別:

  (1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含義。區(qū)別如下:There be表示“某處存在某物

  或某人”;have表示“某人擁有某物/某人”,它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。

 、貶e has two sons. 他有兩個(gè)兒子。

 、赥here are two men in the office. 辦公室里有兩個(gè)男人。

  (2)當(dāng)have表示“包括”、“存在”的含義時(shí),There be 句型與其可互換。

 、貯 week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一個(gè)星期有七天。 4 變臉一:否定句

  There be句型的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其它句型一樣,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副詞,no為形容詞,not a/an/any + n. 相當(dāng)于no+ n.。例如:

  There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.

  There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree=There is no bike behind the tree.

  5 變臉二:一般疑問(wèn)句

  There be句型的一般疑問(wèn)句變化是把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)整到句首,再在句尾加上問(wèn)號(hào)即可,此為"調(diào)整法"。但同時(shí)要注意:當(dāng)肯定句中有some時(shí),要將其改為any(否定變化也一樣)?纯聪旅鎯删涫侨绾"改頭換面"的吧:

  There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?

  There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?

  6 變臉三:特殊疑問(wèn)句

  There be句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式有以下三種變化:

 、 對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn):當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí),用"Who's+介詞短語(yǔ)?";當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí),用

  "What's + 介詞短語(yǔ)?"。注意:無(wú)論原句的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),對(duì)之提問(wèn)時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)決定)。如:

  There are many things over there. →What's over there?

  There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?

 、 對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn):提問(wèn)地點(diǎn)當(dāng)然用"Where is / are+主語(yǔ)?"啦!例如:

  There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?

  There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children? ③ 對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn):一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu):

  How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語(yǔ)?

  How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語(yǔ)?

  五 、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

  一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

  1) 它表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

  e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.

  2)表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力、愛(ài)好等。

  e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.

  3)表示客觀真理,表示格言或警句中

  e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.

  一 其結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語(yǔ)序,即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它”,有時(shí)為了起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可提前.

  二 其句式變化可分為兩種情況

  1)表示動(dòng)作, 一般人稱作主語(yǔ)的,變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞don’t;變一般疑問(wèn)句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞do。

  They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00.

  Do they have lunch at 12:00?

  2)單三人稱做主語(yǔ)的,變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞doesn’t;變一般疑問(wèn)句須在句首

  加助動(dòng)詞does。

  Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.

  Does Jenny speak English very well?

  含有be動(dòng)詞的要在be上做變化.

  E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isn’t a good student.

  Is Danny a good student?

  三 其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等頻率副詞,on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。

  做題時(shí)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤如下:

  一、be動(dòng)詞與行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中

  例:We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.

  解析:學(xué)生往往會(huì)用漢語(yǔ)的思維方式去翻譯,就成了“我們是在春天植樹(shù)”。這是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)最忌諱的,要看語(yǔ)法是不是正確,在英語(yǔ)中,be是表狀態(tài),do是表動(dòng)作,兩種動(dòng)詞不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中,可記住如下口訣:“英漢語(yǔ)言有差異,be 、do不能放一起,仔細(xì)琢磨細(xì)分析,語(yǔ)法千萬(wàn)要牢記!

  二、單三人稱形式易出錯(cuò)

  例:1 He plaies (play) football very well.

  2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10. 答案:1 plays 2 goes

  解析:1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es;2與名詞變

  復(fù)數(shù)不同,變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.

  三、在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)

  例:1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?

  2 Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China. 答案:1 Does have 2 doesn’t live 解析:?jiǎn)稳朔Q做主語(yǔ)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)做句式變化時(shí),可記住如下口訣:“見(jiàn)助動(dòng),用原形”。

  此口訣也可推廣用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.

  四、對(duì)do的理解易出錯(cuò)

  例:We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon. 答案:don’t do

  解析:do是一個(gè)比較難理解的詞,它有三個(gè)含義: a)是所有行為動(dòng)詞的總稱;b)是助動(dòng)

  詞,無(wú)實(shí)義;c)是一個(gè)具體的行為動(dòng)詞“做,干”。此句中給出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň,故須在do前加助動(dòng)詞don’t。

  五、對(duì)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)判斷有誤

  例: Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing. 答案: is

  解析:表面一看是“我和李明兩個(gè)人在北京”,但with在此做伴隨狀語(yǔ),不能做主語(yǔ),故用is. 另外,賓語(yǔ)從句中,從句部分若是表示客觀真理,不管主句是何時(shí)態(tài),從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,主句表將來(lái),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

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